Yini i-Immunotherapy, yenzelwa ini futhi isebenza kanjani
-Delile
- Isebenza Kanjani i-Immunotherapy
- Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-immunotherapy
- Lapho kuboniswa i-immunotherapy
- Imiphumela emibi engaba khona
- Lapho ukwelashwa kwe-immunotherapy kungenziwa khona
I-Immunotherapy, eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-biological therapy, wuhlobo lwezokwelapha oluqinisa amasosha omzimba ngokwenza umzimba womuntu ukwazi kangcono ukulwa namagciwane, amabhaktheriya ngisho nomdlavuza nezifo ezizimele.
Ngokuvamile, i-immunotherapy iqaliswa lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa zingabanga nomphumela ekwelashweni kwalesi sifo ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwaso kufanele kuhlolwe njalo nodokotela obhekele ukwelashwa.
Endabeni yomdlavuza, i-immunotherapy ingasetshenziswa kanye ne-chemotherapy ezimweni zokwelashwa okunzima, okubonakala kuthuthukisa amathuba okuphulukisa izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza, njenge-melanoma, umdlavuza wamaphaphu noma umdlavuza wezinso, ngokwesibonelo.
Isebenza Kanjani i-Immunotherapy
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwesifo nezinga lokukhula kwaso, i-immunotherapy ingasebenza ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, ezibandakanya:
- Gqugquzela amasosha omzimba ukulwa nalesi sifo ngamandla amakhulu, asebenze kahle;
- Nikeza amaprotheni enza amasosha omzimba asebenze kangcono kunhlobo ngalunye lwesifo.
Njengoba i-immunotherapy ivuselela amasosha omzimba kuphela, ayikwazi ukwelapha ngokushesha izimpawu zalesi sifo futhi, ngakho-ke, udokotela angahlanganisa eminye imithi, njengezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala, ama-corticosteroids noma izinhlungu zokunciphisa izinhlungu, ukunciphisa ukungaphatheki kahle.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-immunotherapy
Okwamanje, kufundwa izindlela ezine zokusebenzisa i-immunotherapy:
1. Ama-Foster T cell
Kulolu hlobo lokwelashwa, udokotela uqoqa ama-T cell ahlasela isimila noma ukuvuvukala komzimba abese ehlaziya isampula elabhoratri ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi ezinikela kakhulu ekwelashweni.
Ngemuva kokuhlaziywa, izakhi zofuzo ezikulezi zingqamuzana ziyalungiswa ukuze zenze amangqamuzana e-T aqine ngokwengeziwe, azibuyisele emzimbeni ukuze zilwe nezifo kalula.
2. Izivimbeli ze indawo yokuhlola
Umzimba unohlelo lokuvikela olusebenzisayo izindawo zokuhlola ukukhomba amaseli aphilile nokuvikela amasosha omzimba ekuwaqothuleni. Kodwa-ke, umdlavuza ungasebenzisa futhi lolu hlelo ukufihla amangqamuzana omdlavuza kumaseli aphilile, ukuvimbela amasosha omzimba ukuthi akwazi ukuwaqeda.
Kulolu hlobo lwe-immunotherapy, odokotela basebenzisa izidakamizwa ezindaweni ezithile ukuvimbela lolo hlelo kumaseli womdlavuza, okuvumela amasosha omzimba ukuthi aphinde awakhombe futhi awaqede. Lolu hlobo lokwelashwa lwenziwe ikakhulukazi esikhumbeni, emaphashini, esinyeni, ezinso nasemdlavuza wekhanda.
3. Ama-antibody monoclonal
La ma-antibody akhiwe elabhoratri ukuze akwazi ukubona kalula amangqamuzana e-tumor futhi awamake, ukuze amasosha omzimba akwazi ukuwaqeda.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye alawa masosha omzimba angathwala izinto, ezinjenge-chemotherapy noma ama-molecule e-radioactive, avimbela ukukhula kwesimila. Bona okuningi ngokusetshenziswa kwama-antibody monoclonal ekwelapheni umdlavuza.
4. Imithi yokugomela umdlavuza
Endabeni yemithi yokugoma, udokotela uqoqa amangqamuzana ezinye izimila bese ewashintsha elabhoratri ukuze angabi nolaka kakhulu. Ekugcineni, lawa maseli afakwa futhi emzimbeni wesiguli, ngesimo somuthi wokugoma, ukukhuthaza amasosha omzimba ukuba alwe nomdlavuza ngempumelelo.
Lapho kuboniswa i-immunotherapy
I-Immunotherapy iseyindlela yokwelapha efundwayo ngakho-ke, kuyindlela yokwelashwa ekhonjiswa lapho:
- Lesi sifo sidala izimpawu ezinzima eziphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke;
- Lesi sifo sibeka impilo yesiguli engcupheni;
- Imithi yokwelashwa esele ayisebenzi ekulweni nalesi sifo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-immunotherapy nayo ikhonjisiwe ezimweni lapho ukwelashwa okutholakalayo kubangela imiphumela emibi kakhulu noma emibi kakhulu, engabeka impilo engcupheni.
Imiphumela emibi engaba khona
Imiphumela emibi ye-immunotherapy ingahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lokwelashwa olusetshenzisiwe, kanye nohlobo lwesifo kanye nesigaba sokukhula kwaso. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ifaka ukukhathala ngokweqile, imfiva ephikelelayo, ikhanda, isicanucanu, isiyezi kanye nobuhlungu bemisipha.
Lapho ukwelashwa kwe-immunotherapy kungenziwa khona
I-Immunotherapy inketho engaphakanyiswa udokotela oqondisa ukwelashwa kohlobo ngalunye lwesifo ngakho-ke, uma kunesidingo, kwenziwa ngudokotela onguchwepheshe endaweni.
Ngakho-ke, esimweni somdlavuza, ngokwesibonelo, i-immunotherapy ingenziwa ezikhungweni ze-oncology, kepha uma kwenzeka izifo zesikhumba, kufanele isivele isenziwe ngudokotela wesikhumba futhi esimweni sokungezwani komzimba nokuphefumula udokotela ofanele kakhulu yi-allergen .