I-Lewy dementia yomzimba: kuyini, izimpawu nokuthi ungaphatha kanjani

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa
• Yelashwa kanjani

Ukuwohloka komqondo komzimba kukaLeyy, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okukhulu noma okuncane emizimbeni yeLeyy, kuyisifo sobuchopho esiwohlozayo esithinta izifunda ezibhekele imisebenzi efana nenkumbulo, ukucabanga nokunyakaza, futhi kubangelwa ukuqoqwa kwamaprotheni, aziwa njengemizimba yeLewy, ezicutshini zobuchopho.

Lesi sifo sivela ngokuguga, sijwayele ukwedlula iminyaka engama-60, futhi sibanga izimpawu ezinjengokusangana, ukwehla kwenkumbulo okuqhubekayo nobunzima bokugxila, kanye nokuqhaqhazela kwemisipha nokuqina, kuthathwa njengohlobo lwesibili oluvame kakhulu lokuwohloka komqondo, ngemuva nje I-Alzheimer's.

Yize lungekho ikhambi lokuwohloka komqondo komzimba kaLeyy, kungenzeka ukwelashwa nokulawula izimpawu, usebenzisa imishanguzo eholwa ngudokotela, njengeQuetiapine noma iDonepezila, ngokwesibonelo, eqeda ezinye izimpawu, ngaphezu kokutshalwa kwemali ukwelashwa ngokomzimba nokwelashwa emsebenzini. Ngale ndlela, umuntu angaphila iminyaka eminingi ngokukhulu ukuzimela nekhwalithi yempilo.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Ukuwohloka komqondo kweLeyy kunezimpawu ezivela kancane kancane, futhi kancane kancane ziya ngokuya ziba zimbi. Okuyinhloko yilezi:

• Ukulahleka kwamakhono engqondo, okubizwa ngemisebenzi yokuqonda, njengokukhumbula, ukugxilisa ingqondo, ukunaka, ukuxhumana nolimi;
• Ukudideka kwengqondo nokudideka, ukushintsha phakathi kwezikhathi zokudideka okukhulu nezikhathi ezithule;
• Ukudlidliza kwemisipha nokuqina, eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-parkinsonism, ngoba balingisa ukunyakaza kukaParkinson;
• Umbono obonakalayo, lapho umuntu abona khona izinto ezingekho, njengezilwane noma izingane, isibonelo;
• Kunzima ekuhloleni amabanga, ebizwa ngokuthi izinguquko ze-visospatial, ezingaholela ekuweni kaningi;
• Izinguquko ekulaleni kwe-REM, engazibonakalisa ngokunyakaza, ukukhuluma noma ukukhala ngesikhathi sokulala.

Ngokuvamile, izinguquko zamakhono engqondo zivela kuqala, futhi njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, kuvela ukunyakaza, nokudideka kwengqondo kuba kubi ngokwengeziwe. Kuyinsakavukela ukuhlangabezana nezimpawu zokushintsha kwemizwelo, njengokucindezelwa nokunganaki.

Ngenxa yezimpawu ezifanayo, lesi sifo singaphutha nge-Alzheimer's noma i-Parkinson. Okwamanje asikho isizathu esaziwayo seLewy Body Dementia, ngakho-ke noma ngubani angaba nalesi sifo, yize sibonakala sijwayeleke kakhulu emadodeni angaphezu kweminyaka engama-60.

Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa

Ukuxilongwa kokuwohloka komqondo ngemizimba kaLeyy kwenziwa ngudokotela wezifo zemizwa, udokotela wezokwelapha noma wezifo zengqondo, ngemuva kokuhlolwa okuphelele kwezimpawu, umlando womndeni kanye nokuhlolwa komzimba.

Yize okunye ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging, okufana ne-computed tomography noma i-magnetic resonance imaging, kungasiza ekuboneni ukonakala kwezinye izingxenye zobuchopho, kwehluleka ukukhomba imizimba ye-Lewy, engabonakala kuphela emva kokufa. Kubalulekile futhi ukusebenzisa izikali zokulinganisa ukuhlola ukwehla kwamakhono okuqonda.

Ngale ndlela, udokotela uzohlukanisa lesi sifo nakwabanye abanezimpawu ezifanayo, ezifana ne-Alzheimer's kanye ne-Parkinson, futhi akhombise ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu.

Yelashwa kanjani

Njengoba lungekho ikhambi lokuwohloka komqondo ngemizimba kaLewy, ukwelashwa kufanele kuqondiswe ngudokotela wezifo zemizwa, udokotela wezokwelapha noma udokotela wezifo zengqondo ukukhulula izimpawu zomuntu ngamunye nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yalowo ophethe.

Ngakho-ke izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokwelashwa zifaka:

• Amakhambi we-Antipsychotic, njengeQuetiapine noma i-Olanzapine: zivumela ukunciphisa imvamisa yokubonwa izinto ezingekho, noma kunjalo, zingadala imiphumela emibi ethile noma zenze isimo somuntu sibe sibi kakhulu futhi, ngakho-ke, lapho zisetshenziswa, kufanele zihlolwe njalo ngudokotela;
• Izixazululo zememori, njenge-Donepezila noma i-Rivastigmine: kwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-neurotransmitters ebuchosheni, okungathuthukisa ukugxila, inkumbulo futhi kunciphise ukubukeka kwemibono nezinye izinkinga zokuziphatha;
• Izindlela zokuthuthukisa amakhono emoto, njengeCarbidopa neLevodopa, esetshenziswa kakhulu kwaParkinson's: anciphisa izimpawu zezimoto ezinjengokuthuthumela, ukuqina kwemisipha noma ukuhamba kancane. Kodwa-ke, ukubona izinto ezingekho kanye nokudideka kungaba kubi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kungahlanganiswa namakhambi enkumbulo;
• Amakhambi we-antidepressant, njenge-Sertraline noma i-Citalopam: isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izimpawu zokucindezeleka, ngaphezu kokusiza ukulawula ukuziphatha nokulawula ukulala;
• I-Physiotherapy: kusiza ukugcina amandla emisipha nokuzivumelanisa nezimo, ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa amandla enhliziyo nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuzivocavoca;
• Ukwelashwa emsebenzini: kubaluleke kakhulu ukusiza ukugcina ukuzimela, ukufundisa umuntu ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ngokulinganiselwa kwabo okusha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusiza ukulwa nezimpawu zokudabuka okuvamile, ukukhathazeka noma ukuphazamiseka, umnakekeli angasebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezinjenge-aromatherapy, i-therapy yomculo noma i-massage, isibonelo.

Kuyanconywa futhi ukuzivocavoca ukugcina ubuchopho busebenza, ugweme ukubhema futhi uthole ukudla okunempilo nokulinganisela, unikeze izithelo nemifino okuthandayo. Bheka ezinye izivivinyo ezikuvumela ukuthi ugcine ubuchopho bakho busebenza.