I-HIV ngezinombolo: Amaqiniso, Izibalo, Nawe

-Delile

• Ukudlanga, izehlakalo, namanani okufa: Kudala manje
• Izibalo zabantu: Ngubani othola i-HIV futhi kanjani?
• Indawo: Inkinga enkulu emhlabeni wonke
• Ukuvimbela ukudluliswa kwe-HIV
• Izindleko ze-HIV

Ukubuka konke nge-HIV

Laba babika amacala okuqala amahlanu aziwayo okuba nezinkinga ezivela kwi-HIV eLos Angeles ngoJuni 1981. Amadoda ayephilile phambilini ayethole inyumoniya, kwathi amabili afa. Namuhla, abantu baseMelika abangaphezu kwesigidi banegciwane.

Ukutholakala une-HIV kwake kwaba isigwebo sentambo. Manje, oneminyaka engama-20 one-HIV oqala ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi angalindela ukuphila kubo. Lesi sifo, esihlasela amasosha omzimba, singalawulwa yimishanguzo yanamuhla yezidambisigciwane.

Ukudlanga, izehlakalo, namanani okufa: Kudala manje

Cishe une-HIV. Mayelana nabantu abaneminyaka eyi-13 nangaphezulu abane-HIV abazi ukuthi banayo.

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kusanda kutholakala ukuthi bane-HIV ngo-2016. Ngawo lowo nyaka, abantu abayi-18,160 abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza baba nesigaba 3 se-HIV, noma i-AIDS. Lokhu kuhluke kakhulu ezinsukwini zokuqala ze-HIV.

Ngokwe-American Federation of AIDS Research, ngasekupheleni kuka-1992, abantu baseMelika abangama-250 000 base benengculaza, futhi abangu-200 000 babo base befile. Ngo-2004, inani lamacala engculaza abikwa e-United States avale isigidi esingu-1, lapho kwafa abantu abangaphezu kuka-500 000.

Izibalo zabantu: Ngubani othola i-HIV futhi kanjani?

Ngokusho kwalaba, abesilisa abalala nabesilisa bakha cishe amaphesenti angama-67 (39,782) kubantu abangama-50 000 abathole i-HIV eMelika ngo-2016; kwalaba, abangama-26,570 bathole leli gciwane ikakhulukazi njengomphumela we-.

Kodwa-ke, noma ngubani owenza ucansi ngaphandle kwekhondomu noma owabelana ngezinaliti angayithola i-HIV. Phakathi kwabatholakala e-United States ngo-2016, abesilisa abangu-2 049 nabesifazane abangu-7 529 bathola leli gciwane. Sekukonke, ukuxilongwa okusha kwehlile.

Uma kukhulunywa, i-17,528 yalabo abatholakala e-United States ngo-2016 babengabantu abamnyama, abangu-10 345 babengabamhlophe, kanti abangu-9 766 babengamaLatino.

Abantu baseMelika bathola ukuxilongwa okuningi ngalowo nyaka: 7,964. Okulandelayo okuphezulu kwaba yileyo minyaka engama-20 kuya kwengama-24 (6,776) nengama-30 kuya kwengama-34 (5,701).

Indawo: Inkinga enkulu emhlabeni wonke

Ngo-2016, izifundazwe ezinhlanu zizodwa zakha cishe isigamu sokuxilongwa okusha e-United States. Lezi zifundazwe ezinhlanu zenza i-19,994 kwezingu-39,782 zokuxilongwa okusha, ngokusho kwalokhu:

• California
• EFlorida
• ITexas
• I-New York
• IGeorgia

I-AIDS.gov ibika ukuthi abantu abayizigidi ezingama-36.7 emhlabeni wonke baphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza, kanti izigidi ezingama-35 sezifile kusukela ngo-1981. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi labantu abane-HIV bahlala emazweni asathuthuka futhi anemali elinganiselayo, njengaleyo ese-sub-Saharan Africa.

Imibiko yokuthi ukutholakala kokunakekelwa kukhuphukile phakathi kuka-2010 no-2012 kulezi zindawo. Noma kunjalo, abantu abasengozini enkulu emhlabeni jikelele abanakho ukufinyelela ekwelashweni noma ekuvinjelweni. Abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zabantu abayizigidi ezingama-28.6 emazweni asathuthuka nahola kancane okufanele ngabe bathola imishanguzo yokuthithibalisa leli gciwane bayayithola.

Ukuvimbela ukudluliswa kwe-HIV

Kubalulekile ukuthi abantu - ikakhulukazi labo abasengozini enkulu yokuthola i-HIV - bahlolwe kaningi. Ukuqala ukwelashwa nge-HIV kusenesikhathi kubalulekile emiphumeleni emihle kakhulu. Cishe amaphesenti angama-44 abantu abaneminyaka engu-18 kuya ku-64 e-United States babike ukuthi bathola ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV. Ukufundiswa nge-HIV kuphoqelekile ezifundazweni ezingama-34 naseWashington, D.C.

Ngokombono wezempilo womphakathi, ukuvimbela ukudluliswa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kubalulekile njengokulapha labo abanalo. Kube nenqubekela phambili ephawulekayo kuleyo ndaba. Isibonelo, ukwelashwa kwanamuhla kwezidambisi gciwane kungehlisa amathuba okuthi umuntu one-HIV adlulise leli gciwane ngamaphesenti ayi-100, uma ukwelashwa kuthathwa ngokungaguquki ukunciphisa igciwane liye ezingeni elingabonakali egazini.

Kube khona ukwehla okukhulu kwamazinga okudlulisela e-United States kusukela maphakathi nawo-1980. Ngenkathi abesilisa abalala nabesilisa bamelela amaphesenti amane kuphela wabantu besilisa kuleli zwe, bahlanganisa nalabo abasanda kuthola i-HIV.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhondomu kuhlala kungumugqa wokuqala ongabizi futhi ongabizi kakhulu wokuvikela i-HIV. Iphilisi elaziwa ngeTruvada, noma i-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), liphinde linikeze ukuvikelwa. Umuntu ongenayo i-HIV angazivikela ekungenweni yigciwane ngokuphuza leli philisi kanye ngosuku. Uma ithathwe kahle, i-PrEP inganciphisa ubungozi bokudluliswa okungaphezu koku.

Izindleko ze-HIV

Alisekho ikhambi le-HIV, futhi lingadla imali enkulu kulabo abaphila nayo.Izwe laseMelika kulindeleke ukuthi lichithe imali engaphezu kwama- $ 26 billion ngonyaka ezinhlelweni ze-HIV, okubandakanya:

• ucwaningo
• izindlu
• ukwelashwa
• ukuvimbela

Kuleyo mali, ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-6.6 osizo phesheya. Lezi zindleko zimelela ngaphansi kwephesenti elilodwa lesabelomali senhlangano.

Akukona nje kuphela ukuthi imishanguzo esindisa impilo iyabiza, kepha inani elikhulu labantu emazweni ahlaselwe kanzima abanezinsizakusebenza ezilinganiselwe bafe noma abakwazi ukusebenza ngenxa ye-HIV. Lokhu kuthinte intuthuko yalezi zizwe.

I-HIV ihlasela abantu phakathi neminyaka yabo yokusebenza. Amazwe agcina ngomkhiqizo olahlekile futhi, ezimweni eziningi, ukuncipha okukhulu kwabasebenzi. Konke lokhu kunezela emithelelweni emikhulu emnothweni wezwe labo.

Izindleko ezijwayelekile zokwelapha umuntu one-HIV esikhathini sokuphila kwakhe zingama- $ 379,668. Imibiko yokuthi ukungenelela kokuvimbela kungabiza kakhulu ngenxa yezindleko zezokwelapha ezigwenywayo lapho i-HIV ingasakazwa kabanzi.