Iyini Imizimba yeHeinz?

-Delile

• Yini imizimba kaHeinz?
• Mayelana ne-hemoglobin
• Mayelana nemizimba ye-Heinz
• Izinkinga ezihlobene negazi
• Yini ebangela imizimba kaHeinz?
• Ingabe zikhona izimpawu ezihambisana nemizimba ye-Heinz?
• Thalassemia
• I-hemolytic anemia
• Ukushoda kwe-G6PD
• Yelashwa kanjani imizimba kaHeinz?
• Uyini umehluko phakathi kwemizimba kaHeinz nemizimba kaHowell-Jolly?
• Ukuthatha ukhiye

Imizimba kaHeinz, eyaqala ukutholwa uDkt Robert Heinz ngo-1890 futhi yaziwa nangokuthi imizimba kaHeinz-Erlich, iyizigaxa ze-hemoglobin eyonakele etholakala kumaseli abomvu egazi. Lapho i-hemoglobin ilimala, ingadala ukuthi amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi ayeke ukusebenza kahle.

Imizimba ye-Heinz ihlotshaniswa nezici zofuzo nezemvelo futhi ixhunyaniswe nezimo ezithile zegazi, njenge-hemolytic anemia.

Kule ndatshana, sizohlola izimbangela, izimpawu, nezinketho zokwelashwa zezimo ezihambisana nemizimba ye-Heinz.

Yini imizimba kaHeinz?

Mayelana ne-hemoglobin

Wonke amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, aziwa nangokuthi ama-erythrocyte, aqukethe iphrotheni elibizwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin. IHemoglobin inesibopho sokuthwala umoya-mpilo ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi azungeze umzimba.

Lapho i-hemoglobin ichayeka ezintweni ezinobuthi, “ingancipha,” noma yonakale. Amaprotheni e-Denatured anesakhiwo esonakalisiwe awakwazi ukusebenza njengamaprotheni ajwayelekile futhi angadlala indima ekuthuthukiseni izifo ezithile.

Mayelana nemizimba ye-Heinz

Ama-hemoglobin adonswe ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi abizwa ngemizimba kaHeinz. Uma zibukwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi, ziyabonakala njengezigaxa ezingajwayelekile ezisuka kumaseli abomvu egazi.

Izinkinga ezihlobene negazi

Ngenkathi imizimba ye-Heinz ifundwe kubantu nasezilwaneni, kubantu ihlotshaniswa nezinkinga ezimbalwa zamangqamuzana egazi abomvu, kufaka phakathi:

• thalassemia
• i-hemolytic anemia
• ukuntuleka kweglucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)

I-hemolytic anemia yisimo esivame kakhulu esidalwa yimizimba ye-Heinz, kepha hhayi wonke umuntu onemizimba ye-Heinz oyokuthuthukisa. Ezinye izimo ezishiwo ngenhla zingadala ukuthi imizimba ye-Heinz ibonakale emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwelebhu, noma ngaphandle kwe-hemolytic anemia.

Yini ebangela imizimba kaHeinz?

Imizimba ye-Heinz ihlotshaniswa nezici zofuzo nezemvelo. Isibonelo, imizimba kaHeinz ezinganeni ingabonisa ukuphazamiseka kokuzalwa kweseli elibomvu. Imizimba ye-Heinz nayo ingabangelwa ukuvezwa kwezinto ezithile ezinobuthi.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1984, isiguli sathola i-Heinz-body hemolytic anemia ngemuva kokufaka uwoyela osuselwa kuphethiloli oqukethe i-cresol.

Ezinye izinto ezinobuthi ezingadala ukwakheka komzimba kaHeinz ngemuva kokuchayeka noma ukungeniswa zifaka:

• amaqabunga e-maple (ikakhulukazi ezilwaneni)
• anyanisi wasendle (ikakhulukazi ezilwaneni)
• izidakamizwa ezithile, kufaka phakathi i-vitamin K yokwenziwa, i-phenothiazines, i-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nokuningi
• amadayi athile asetshenziselwa amanabukeni
• amakhemikhali asetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-mothballs

Ingabe zikhona izimpawu ezihambisana nemizimba ye-Heinz?

Ngenkathi kungekho zimpawu ezithile zemizimba ye-Heinz, kunezimpawu ezihambisana nezimbangela eziyisisekelo futhi kwezinye izimo, ukuvezwa okuyisisekelo.

Thalassemia

Izimpawu ze-thalassemia zingafaka:

• ukukhula okubambezelekile
• izingqinamba zentuthuko
• ukukhubazeka kwamathambo
• ukukhathala
• i-jaundice
• umchamo omnyama

I-hemolytic anemia

Izimpawu ze-hemolytic anemia zingafaka:

• isikhumba esincanyana kunokujwayelekile
• ubuthakathaka
• ubumhlophe
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo
• ubende obukhulisiwe noma isibindi

Ukushoda kwe-G6PD

Izimpawu zokushoda kwe-G6PD zingafaka:

• isikhumba esincanyana kunokujwayelekile
• isiyezi
• ukukhathala
• inkinga yokuphefumula
• ukukhuphuka kwenhliziyo
• i-jaundice

Yize ukuvezwa kwezitshalo zasendle ezinobuthi kuyimbangela yemizimba ye-Heinz ikakhulukazi ezilwaneni, imithi ethile ingadala nokukhiqizwa kwemizimba ye-Heinz kubantu.

Imithi engadala imizimba ye-Heinz isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezahlukahlukene, njenge-psychosis kanye ne-methemoglobinemia. Kungase kungabikho zimpawu zangaphandle zobukhona bemizimba ye-Heinz kulezi zimo. Esikhundleni salokho, maningi amathuba okuthi zitholakale ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile.

Yelashwa kanjani imizimba kaHeinz?

Izinketho zokwelashwa kwe-hemolytic anemia, thalassemia, kanye nokushoda kwe-G6PD ziyefana. Ngokuya ngobukhulu besimo, zingafaka:

• imithi
• izithasiselo
• Ukwelashwa kwe-IV
• ukwelashwa komoya-mpilo
• ukumpontshelwa igazi
• ukususwa kobende, ezimweni ezinzima

Emizimbeni ye-Heinz ebangelwe ukuvezwa yimithi ethile, udokotela wakho angakhetha ukusebenzisa eminye imithi yezimo zakho.

Kwezinye izimo, ezinye izindlela zemithi kungenzeka zingatholakali. Kulokhu, ungaxoxa ngendlela engcono yokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hemolytic anemia.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwemizimba kaHeinz nemizimba kaHowell-Jolly?

Noma yomibili le mizimba ingatholakala kumaseli abomvu egazi, imizimba kaHeinz ayifani nemizimba kaHowell-Jolly.

Lapho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi eseqedile ukukhula emnkantsheni wethambo, angafaka ukusakazwa kwawo ukuze aqale ukuhlinzeka nge-oxygen emzimbeni. Njengoba zingena ekusakazeni, zilahla i-nucleus yazo.

Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, i-nucleus kungenzeka ingalahlwa ngokuphelele. Ngalesi sikhathi, ubende lungena lususe izinsalela ezisele.

Imizimba kaHowell-Jolly yigama lalezi zinsalela ze-DNA ezisele ngaphakathi kwamaseli abomvu avuthiwe egazi. Ukuba khona kwemizimba kaHowell-Jolly kuvamise ukukhombisa ukuthi ubende kungenzeka abuwenzi umsebenzi walo noma abukho.

Kwezinye izimo, imizimba kaHowell-Jolly nayo ingahlotshaniswa ne-megaloblastic anemia.

Ukuthatha ukhiye

Ukuba khona kwemizimba ye-Heinz ekuhlolweni kwe-smear yegazi kukhombisa ukulimala kwe-oxidative kwi-hemoglobin kumaseli abomvu egazi.

Izimo ezihambisana nemizimba ye-Heinz zifaka izimo ezithile zegazi, njenge-thalassemia noma i-hemolytic anemia. Imizimba ye-Heinz nayo ingahle ihlotshaniswe nokufakwa noma ukuvezwa kwezinto ezinobuthi.

Ukwelashwa kwemizimba ye-Heinz kuhilela ukuxilonga nokwelapha imbangela.

Uma udokotela wakho eqaphele imizimba ye-Heinz ekuhlolweni kwegazi lakho, ungasebenza nabo ukuthola ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa okusemthethweni kwanoma yiziphi izimo ezingaphansi.