I-hepatitis A: siyini, izimpawu, ukudluliswa nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko zesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A
• Ukudlulisa nokuvimbela kunjani
• Yelashwa kanjani

IHepatitis A yisifo esithathelwanayo esidalwa yigciwane emndenini wePicornavirus, i-HAV, odala ukuvuvukala kwesibindi. Leli gciwane lidala, ezimweni eziningi, isimo esimnene nesesikhashana, futhi imvamisa alihlali isikhathi eside njengase-hepatitis B noma ku-C.

Kodwa-ke, abantu ababuthakathaka noma abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, njengalabo abanesifo sikashukela esingalawuleki, umdlavuza kanye ne-AIDS, ngokwesibonelo, bangaba nohlobo olunzima lwalesi sifo, olungabulala ngisho nokufa.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko zesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A

Ezimweni eziningi, i-hepatitis A ayizibangeli izimpawu, futhi ingahle ingabonakali. Kodwa-ke, lapho zivela, imvamisa ziphakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-15 nezingama-40 ngemuva kokutheleleka, ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Ukukhathala;
• Isiyezi;
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza;
• Umkhuhlane ophansi;
• Ikhanda;
• Isisu esibuhlungu;
• Isikhumba esiphuzi namehlo;
• Umchamo omnyama;
• Izitulo zokukhanya.

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, lapho kuvela khona izilonda zesibindi, izimpawu zingavela ngokungathi sína kakhulu, njengomkhuhlane omkhulu, ubuhlungu esiswini, ukuphalaza okuphindayo nesikhumba esiphuzi kakhulu. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukukhombisa i-hepatitis egcwele, lapho isibindi siyeka ukusebenza. Ukuvela kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A kuya ekuqunjeni kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi ngokugcwele akuvamile, kwenzeka ngamacala angaphansi kuka-1%. Yazi ezinye izimpawu zesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-hepatitis A kwenziwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi, lapho kutholakala khona amasosha omzimba wegciwane, avela egazini emasontweni ambalwa ngemuva kokungcola. Okunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi, njenge-AST ne-ALT, nakho kungasiza ekuhloleni amazinga okuvuvukala kwesibindi.

Ukudlulisa nokuvimbela kunjani

Umzila oyinhloko wokudluliswa kwe-hepatitis A uhamba ngomzila womlomo, okungukuthi, ngokusebenzisa ukudla namanzi angcoliswe indle yabantu abanegciwane. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukudla kulungiswa ngezimo zenhlanzeko ezingezinhle kunengozi enkulu yokuba nalesi sifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubhukuda emanzini angcolile kwendle noma ukudla izinhlanzi zasolwandle ezinegciwane nakho kwandisa amathuba okuba nesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uzivikele, kuyanconywa:

• Thola umuthi wokugoma i-hepatitis A., etholakala ku-SUS yezingane ezineminyaka engu-1 kuye kwengu-2 ubudala noma ikakhulukazi eminye iminyaka;
• Geza izandla ngemuva kokuya endlini yangasese, ukushintsha amanabukeni noma ngaphambi kokulungisa ukudla;
• Ukupheka ukudla kahle ngaphambi kokuzidla, ikakhulukazi ukudla kwasolwandle;
• Ukugeza imiphumela yomuntu siqu, njengokusika, amapuleti, izingilazi namabhodlela;
• Ungabhukudi emanzini angcolile noma udlale eduze nalezi zindawo;
• Njalo phuza amanzi ahlungiwe noma abilisiwe.

Abantu okungenzeka ukuthi batheleleke ngalesi sifo yilabo abahlala noma abahambela ezindaweni ezinenhlanzeko engeyinhle nokuhlanzeka okuyisisekelo okuncane noma okungenayo nhlobo, kanye nezingane nabantu abahlala ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, njengezikhungo zokunakekela izingane kanye amakhaya asebekhulile.

Yelashwa kanjani

Njengoba isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A kuyisifo esingesihle, isikhathi esiningi, ukwelashwa kwenziwa kuphela ngemithi yokuqeda izimpawu, njengokunciphisa izinhlungu namakhambi endle, ngaphezu kokuncoma ukuthi umuntu aphumule futhi aphuze amanzi amaningi ukuze anisele futhi asize ingilazi ukululama. Ukudla kufanele kube lula, ngokuya ngemifino nemifino.

Izimpawu zivame ukunyamalala kungakapheli izinsuku eziyi-10, bese umuntu elulama ngokuphelele kungakapheli izinyanga ezimbili. Ngakho-ke, ngalesi sikhathi, uma uhlala nomuntu onalesi sifo, kufanele usebenzise i-sodium hypochlorite noma i-bleach ukugeza indlu yangasese, ukuze unciphise ubungozi bokuthi ungcoliswe. Bona imininingwane eminingi ngokwelashwa kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A.

Bona futhi kuvidiyo engezansi ongakudla uma kwenzeka isifo sokusha kwesibindi: