I-Hypercapnia: Iyini Futhi Iphathwa Kanjani?

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu ze-hypercapnia?
• Izimpawu ezinzima
• Ngabe i-hypercapnia ihlobene kanjani ne-COPD?
• Yini enye engabangela i-hypercapnia?
• Izinkinga zokushintshaniswa kwegesi
• Izinkinga zemizwa nezemisipha
• Izimbangela zofuzo
• Ubani osengozini ye-hypercapnia?
• Itholakala kanjani i-hypercapnia?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo?
• Ukuphefumula
• Imithi
• Izindlela zokwelapha
• Ukuhlinzwa
• Umbono
• Ingabe lokhu kungavinjelwa?

Kuyini i-hypercapnia?

I-Hypercapnia, noma i-hypercarbia, kulapho une-carbon dioxide eningi kakhulu (CO₂) egazini lakho. Imvamisa kwenzeka njengomphumela we-hypoventilation, noma ukungakwazi ukuphefumula kahle nokuthola umoya-mpilo emaphashini akho. Lapho umzimba wakho ungatholi i-oxygen entsha eyanele noma ususa i-CO₂, Kungase kudingeke ukuthi uphefumule noma ngokuzumayo uhogele umoya omningi ukulinganisela amazinga akho oksijini ne-CO₂.

Lokhu akusona njalo isizathu sokukhathazeka. Isibonelo, uma ukuphefumula kwakho kungajulile lapho ulele ngokujulile, umzimba wakho uphendula ngokwemvelo. Ungajika embhedeni wakho noma uvuke ngokuzumayo. Umzimba wakho bese uqalisa ukuphefumula okujwayelekile bese uthola i-oksijini eyengeziwe egazini.

I-Hypercapnia nayo ingaba uphawu lwezimo ezingaphansi ezithinta ukuphefumula kwakho negazi lakho.

Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezimpawu, izimbangela, nokuningi.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-hypercapnia?

Izimpawu ze-hypercapnia kwesinye isikhathi zingaba mnene. Umzimba wakho ungazilungisa ngokushesha lezi zimpawu ukuze uphefumule kangcono futhi ulinganisele i-CO yakho₂ amazinga.

Izimpawu ezincane ze-hypercapnia zifaka:

• isikhumba esikhanyayo
• Ukozela noma ukungakwazi ukugxila
• ikhanda elincane
• ukuzizwa udidekile noma unesiyezi
• ukuzwa uphelelwa umoya
• ukukhathala ngokweqile noma ukukhathala ngokweqile

Uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, bheka udokotela wakho. Bangakwazi ukunquma ukuthi ngabe ubhekene ne-hypercapnia noma esinye isimo esingaphansi.

Izimpawu ezinzima

I-hypercapnia enamandla ingadala usongo olukhulu. Kungakuvimbela ekuphefumuleni kahle. Ngokungafani ne-hypercapnia emnene, umzimba wakho awukwazi ukulungisa izimpawu ezinzima ngokushesha. Kungaba yingozi kakhulu noma kubulale uma uhlelo lwakho lokuphefumula luvaleka.

Bheka udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma unesinye noma eziningi zalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, ikakhulukazi uma uthola ukuthi unesifo esingelapheki se-pulmonary disease (COPD):

• imizwa engachazeki yokudideka
• imizwa engajwayelekile yokuphambana noma ukucindezeleka
• ukudikiza kwemisipha okungavamile
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• i-hyperventilation
• isithuthwane
• ukwethuka
• ukudlula emhlabeni

Ngabe i-hypercapnia ihlobene kanjani ne-COPD?

I-COPD yigama lezimo ezenza kube nzima kuwe ukuthi uphefumule. I-bronchitis engapheli ne-emphysema yizibonelo ezimbili ezivamile ze-COPD.

I-COPD ivame ukubangelwa ukubhema noma ukuphefumula umoya olimazayo ezindaweni ezingcolile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-COPD ibangela ukuthi i-alveoli (ama-air sacs) emaphashini akho alahlekelwe yikhono labo lokwelula njengoba bethatha umoya-mpilo. I-COPD nayo ingabhubhisa izindonga eziphakathi kwalezi zikhwama zomoya. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, amaphaphu akho awakwazi ukuthatha umoya-mpilo ngempumelelo.

I-COPD nayo ingadala ukuthi i-trachea yakho (i-windpipe) nemigwaqo yomoya eholela ku-alveoli yakho, ebizwa nge-bronchioles, ivuvuke. Lezi zingxenye zingaveza futhi amafinyila amaningi, okwenza ukuphefumula kube nzima kakhulu. Ukuvaleka nokuvuvukala kuphazamisa ukungena nokuphuma komoya emaphashini. Ngenxa yalokho, umzimba wakho awukwazi ukususa i-CO₂. Lokhu kungadala i-CO₂ ukwakha egazini lakho.

Akuwona wonke umuntu one-COPD ozothola i-hypercapnia. Kodwa njengoba i-COPD iqhubeka, kungenzeka ukuthi ube nokungalingani kwe-oxygen ne-CO₂ emzimbeni wakho ngenxa yokuphefumula okungafanele.

Yini enye engabangela i-hypercapnia?

I-Hypercapnia ingaba nezinye izimbangela eziningi ngaphandle kwe-COPD, futhi. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Ukuphefumula ubuthongo kukuvimbela ekuphefumuleni kahle ngenkathi ulele. Lokhu kungakuvimba ekutholeni umoya-mpilo egazini lakho.
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphele kungabuye kukuvimbe ekutholeni umoya owenele ngenxa yengcindezi efakwa emaphashini akho ngesisindo sakho.
• Imisebenzi engakukhawulela ekuphefumuleni umoya omusha, njenge-scuba diving noma ukuba se-ventilator ngesikhathi se-anesthesia, nakho kungadala i-hypercapnia.
• Ukugula ngokomzimba noma izehlakalo ezenza ukuthi umzimba wakho ukhiqize i-CO eningi₂, Njengokuba nomkhuhlane noma ukudla ama-carbs amaningi, kungakhuphula inani le-CO₂ egazini lakho.

Izinkinga zokushintshaniswa kwegesi

Ezinye izimo ezingaphansi zingadala isikhala sokufa emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akuwona wonke umoya ophefumula kuwo obamba iqhaza enqubweni yakho yokuphefumula. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, imvamisa yingoba ingxenye yohlelo lwakho lokuphefumula ayisebenzi kahle. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kufaka amaphaphu akho angenzi ingxenye yawo ekushintshaneni kwegesi.

Ukushintshaniswa kwegesi kuyindlela umoya-mpilo ongena ngayo egazini lakho nase-CO₂ kushiya umzimba wakho. Izinkinga zingadalwa yizimo ezinjenge-pulmonary embolus ne-emphysema.

Izinkinga zemizwa nezemisipha

Izimo zemizwa nezemisipha nazo zingadala i-hypercapnia. Kwezinye izimo, izinzwa nemisipha ekusiza ukuthi uphefumule kungahle kungasebenzi kahle. Lokhu kungabandakanya i-Guillain-Barré syndrome, isimo somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni esenza buthakathaka izinzwa nemisipha yakho. Lesi simo singathinta ikhono lakho lokuthola i-oxygen eyanele futhi singaholela ku-CO eningi kakhulu₂ egazini lakho. Ama-dystrophies emisipha, noma izimo ezenza imisipha yakho ibe buthakathaka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, nakho kungenza kube nzima ukuphefumula nokuthola i-oxygen eyanele.

Izimbangela zofuzo

Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-hypercapnia ingabangelwa isimo sezakhi zofuzo lapho umzimba wakho ungakhiqizi ngokwanele iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-alpha-1-antitrypsin. Le protein ivela esibindini futhi isetshenziswa ngumzimba wakho ukugcina amaphaphu ephilile.

Ubani osengozini ye-hypercapnia?

Ezinye zezinto ezinobungozi be-hypercapnia, ikakhulukazi njengomphumela we-COPD, zifaka:

• ukubhema ugwayi, ugwayi, noma amapayipi kakhulu
• ubudala, izimo eziningi ezibangela i-hypercapnia ziyaqhubeka futhi imvamisa aziqali ukukhombisa izimpawu kuze kube ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-40
• ukuba nesifuba somoya, ikakhulukazi uma nawe ubhema
• ukuphefumula umusi noma amakhemikhali ezindaweni zokusebenza, njengamafektri, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla, noma izitshalo zikagesi noma zamakhemikhali

Ukuxilongwa sekwedlule isikhathi kwe-COPD noma esinye isimo esidala i-hypercapnia nakho kungandisa ubungozi bakho. Bona udokotela wakho okungenani kanye ngonyaka ukuze uhlolwe ngokuphelele ngokomzimba ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi unake impilo yakho yonke.

Itholakala kanjani i-hypercapnia?

Uma udokotela wakho ecabanga ukuthi une-hypercapnia, cishe bazohlola igazi lakho nokuphefumula ukuthola inkinga kanye nembangela eyimbangela.

Ukuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi emithanjeni kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-hypercapnia. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungahlola amazinga e-oxygen ne-CO₂ egazini lakho futhi uqiniseke ukuthi umfutho we-oxygen uvamile.

Udokotela wakho angahlola nokuphefumula kwakho usebenzisa i-spirometry. Kulesi sivivinyo, uphefumulela ngamandla kushubhu. I-spirometer enamathiselwe ilinganisa ukuthi amaphaphu akho aqukethe umoya ongakanani nokuthi ungashaya ngamandla kangakanani.

Ama-X-ray noma ama-CT scan wamaphaphu akho angasiza nodokotela wakho ukuthi abone ukuthi une-emphysema noma ezinye izimo ezihlobene namaphaphu.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo?

Uma isimo esiyisisekelo sibangela i-hypercapnia yakho, udokotela wakho uzosetha uhlelo lokwelashwa lwezimpawu zesimo sakho. Udokotela wakho kungenzeka ancoma ukuthi uyeke ukubhema noma unciphise ukuvezwa kwakho kumusi noma amakhemikhali uma ngabe kubangele i-hypercapnia ehlobene ne-COPD.

Ukuphefumula

Uma kufanele uye ehhovisi likadokotela wakho noma esibhedlela ukuze uthole izimpawu ezinzima, ungahle ufakwe kumshini wokuphefumula ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uyakwazi ukuphefumula kahle. Ungase futhi ube ne-intubated, okuyilapho kufakwa khona ithubhu emlonyeni wakho ezindleleni zakho zomoya ukukusiza uphefumule.

Lokhu kwelashwa kukuvumela ukuthi uthole i-oxygen engaguquguquki ukulinganisela i-CO yakho₂ amazinga. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma unesimo esingaphansi esidala ukuthi ungatholi i-oxygen eyanele ngokuphefumula okujwayelekile noma uma uke wehluleka ukuphefumula futhi ungakwazi ukuphefumula kahle wedwa.

Imithi

Eminye imithi ingakusiza uphefumule kangcono, kufaka phakathi:

• ama-bronchodilators, asiza imisipha yakho yomoya ukuthi isebenze kahle
• i-corticosteroids evuthayo noma yomlomo, esiza ukugcina ukuvuvukala komoya kube kuncane
• ama-antibiotic wezifo zokuphefumula, njenge-pneumonia noma i-bronchitis ebukhali

Izindlela zokwelapha

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasiza ekwelapheni izimpawu nezimbangela ze-hypercapnia. Isibonelo, ngokwelashwa komoya-mpilo, uphatha into encane oyizungezile eletha umoya-mpilo ngqo emaphashini akho. Ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu kukuvumela ukuthi ushintshe indlela odla ngayo, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, kanye neminye imikhuba ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi unikela ngokuqinisekile empilweni yakho yonke. Lokhu kunganciphisa izimpawu zakho kanye nezinkinga ezingenzeka zesimo esingaphansi.

Ukuhlinzwa

Amanye amacala angadinga ukuhlinzekwa ukwelapha noma ukufaka indawo yomoya owonakele noma amaphaphu. Ekuhlinzweni kokunciphisa ivolumu yamaphaphu, udokotela wakho ususa izicubu ezilimele ukwenza isikhala sezicubu zakho ezisele ezinempilo ukuze zikhule futhi zilethe umoya-mpilo omningi. Ekufakweni kwamaphaphu, kususwa iphaphu elingenampilo bese kufakwa iphaphu elinempilo elivela kumnikeli wesitho.

Kokubili ukuhlinzwa kungaba yingozi, ngakho-ke khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalezi zinketho ukuze ubone ukuthi zikulungele yini.

Umbono

Ukwelashwa nge-COPD noma esinye isimo esingaphansi esingadala i-hypercapnia kuzothuthukisa kakhulu impilo yakho yesikhathi eside futhi kuvimbele iziqephu zesikhathi esizayo ze-hypercapnia.

Uma udinga ukwelashwa isikhathi eside noma ukuhlinzwa, qiniseka ukuthi ulalela ngokucophelela iziyalezo zikadokotela wakho ukuze uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa noma ukutakula ekuhlinzweni kuphumelele. Bazokweluleka ngezimpawu okufanele uzibheke nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma zenzeka.

Ezimweni eziningi, usengaphila impilo enempilo, esebenzayo noma ngabe uke wehlelwa yi-hypercapnia.

Ingabe lokhu kungavinjelwa?

Uma unesimo sokuphefumula esidala i-hypercapnia, ukuthola ukwelashwa kwalesi simo kuyindlela engcono yokuvimbela i-hypercapnia.

Ukwenza izinguquko endleleni ophila ngayo, njengokuyeka ukubhema, ukwehlisa isisindo somzimba, noma ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo, nakho kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi ye-hypercapnia kakhulu.