Thayipha 2 Isifo Sikashukela Nokucindezela Kwegazi Okuphezulu: Kuyini Ukuxhuma?

-Delile

• Unini umfutho wegazi ophakeme?
• Izici ezinobungozi zokucindezela kwegazi okuphezulu nesifo sikashukela
• Ekukhulelweni
• Ukuvimbela umfutho wegazi ophakeme onesifo sikashukela
• Ukudla okunempilo
  
• Ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme onesifo sikashukela

Ukubuka konke

Umfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma umfutho wegazi ophezulu, yisimo esibonakala kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Akukaziwa ukuthi kungani kukhona ubudlelwane obubaluleke kangaka phakathi kwezifo ezimbili. Kukholakala ukuthi okulandelayo kunikela kuzimo zombili:

• ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• ukudla okunamafutha amaningi ne-sodium
• ukuvuvukala okungapheli
• ukungasebenzi

Umfutho wegazi ophezulu waziwa ngokuthi "umbulali othule" ngoba imvamisa ayinazo izimpawu ezisobala futhi abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi banayo. Ucwaningo lwango-2013 olwenziwe yi-American Diabetes Association (ADA) luthole ukuthi bangaphansi kwesigamu sabantu abasengozini yesifo senhliziyo noma uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela olubike ukuthi baxoxa ngama-biomarkers, kufaka phakathi umfutho wegazi, nabahlinzeki babo.

Unini umfutho wegazi ophakeme?

Uma unomfutho wegazi ophakeme, kusho ukuthi igazi lakho lifutha enhliziyweni nasemithanjeni yegazi ngamandla amaningi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umfutho wegazi ophindwe njalo ukhathaza imisipha yenhliziyo futhi ungawukhulisa. Ngo-2008, amaphesenti angama-67 abantu abadala baseMelika abaneminyaka engama-20 nangaphezulu abanesifo sikashukela esazibika babenamazinga omfutho wegazi owawungaphezulu kwamamilimitha ayi-140/90 we-mercury (mm Hg).

Kubantu bonke nakubantu abanesifo sikashukela, ukufundwa kwengcindezi yegazi engaphansi kuka-120/80 mm Hg kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile.

Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Inombolo yokuqala (120) ibizwa nge-systolic pressure. Kubonisa ingcindezi ephezulu kakhulu etholakalayo njengoba igazi lidlulela enhliziyweni yakho. Inombolo yesibili (80) ibizwa nge-diastolic pressure. Le yingcindezi enakekelwa yimithambo lapho izitsha zikhululekile phakathi kokushaya kwenhliziyo.

Ngokusho kwe-American Heart Association (AHA), abantu abaphilile abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 abanengcindezi yegazi engaphansi kuka-120/80 kufanele bahlolwe umfutho wegazi kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela kudingeka baqaphe kakhudlwana.

Uma unesifo sikashukela, udokotela wakho angahlola umfutho wegazi lakho okungenani izikhathi ezine ngonyaka. Uma unesifo sikashukela nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-ADA incoma ukuthi uzihlole ekhaya, uqophe ukufundwa, bese wabelana ngakho nodokotela wakho.

Izici ezinobungozi zokucindezela kwegazi okuphezulu nesifo sikashukela

Ngokusho kwe-ADA, ukuhlanganiswa komfutho wegazi ophakeme nohlobo 2 sikashukela kuyabulala kakhulu futhi kungakhuphula kakhulu ingozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi. Ukuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 nomfutho wegazi ophakeme kukhuphula namathuba akho okuba ube nezinye izifo ezihlobene nesifo sikashukela, njengesifo sezinso ne-retinopathy. I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela ingadala ubumpumputhe.

Kukhona nobufakazi obubalulekile obukhombisa ukuthi umfutho wegazi ophakeme ongamahlalakhona ungasheshisa ukufika kwezinkinga ngamandla okucabanga ahambisana nokuguga, njengesifo i-Alzheimer's kanye nokuwohloka komqondo. Ngokusho kwe-AHA, imithambo yegazi ebuchosheni ingabhekana nomonakalo ikakhulukazi ngenxa yomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Lokhu kwenza kube ingozi enkulu yokushaywa unhlangothi nokuwohloka komqondo.

Isifo sikashukela esingalawulwa akusona kuphela isici sempilo esandisa ingozi yomfutho wegazi ophezulu. Khumbula, amathuba akho okuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi akhula kakhulu uma unezici ezingaphezu kweyodwa ezilandelayo:

• umlando womndeni wesifo senhliziyo
• okunamafutha amaningi, ukudla okunesodium ephezulu
• indlela yokuphila yokuhlala phansi
• cholesterol ephezulu
• ukukhula
• ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• umkhuba wamanje wokubhema
• utshwala obuningi
• izifo ezingamahlalakhona njengesifo sezinso, isifo sikashukela, noma ukuphefumula kokulala

Ekukhulelweni

U-An ukhombisile ukuthi abesifazane abanesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kungenzeka babe nomfutho wegazi ophezulu. Kodwa-ke, abesifazane abaphatha amazinga kashukela egazini labo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa mancane amathuba okuthi bathole umfutho wegazi ophakeme.

Uma uba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme ngesikhathi ukhulelwe, udokotela wakho uzoqapha amazinga akho amaprotheni omchamo. Izinga eliphakeme lamaprotheni angaba uphawu lwe-preeclampsia. Lolu uhlobo lomfutho wegazi ophezulu olwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ezinye izimpawu egazini nazo zingaholela ekuxilongweni. Lezi zimaki zifaka:

• ama-enzyme wesibindi angajwayelekile
• ukusebenza kwezinso okungajwayelekile
• ukubalwa kweplatelet okuphansi

Ukuvimbela umfutho wegazi ophakeme onesifo sikashukela

Kunezinguquko eziningi zendlela yokuphila ezinganciphisa umfutho wegazi lakho. Cishe konke kukhona okudliwayo, kepha ukuzivocavoca nsuku zonke nakho kuyanconywa. Odokotela abaningi beluleka ukuhamba ngamandla imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-40 nsuku zonke, kodwa noma yimuphi umsebenzi we-aerobic ungenza inhliziyo yakho iphile kahle.

I-AHA incoma ubuncane bokuthi:

• Imizuzu eyi-150 ngeviki yokuvivinya umzimba ngokulingene
• Imizuzu engama-75 ngesonto yokuzivocavoca ngamandla
• inhlanganisela yomsebenzi olinganiselayo futhi onamandla isonto ngalinye

Ngaphezu kokwehlisa umfutho wegazi, ukuvivinya umzimba kungaqinisa imisipha yenhliziyo. Kunganciphisa nokuqina kwemithambo. Lokhu kwenzeka njengoba abantu bekhula, kepha kuvame ukusheshiswa ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ukuzivocavoca nakho kungakusiza ukuthi ukwazi ukulawula kangcono amazinga kashukela egazini lakho.

Sebenza ngqo nodokotela wakho ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokuzivocavoca. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma:

• angikaze ngizivocavoce ngaphambilini
• bazama ukusebenzela okuthile okunzima kakhulu
• unenkinga yokuhlangabezana nezinhloso zakho

Qala ngokuhamba ngamandla imizuzu emihlanu usuku ngalunye bese uyakwengeza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Thatha izitebhisi esikhundleni selifti, noma upake imoto yakho kude nomnyango wesitolo.

Kungenzeka ujwayelene nesidingo semikhuba yokudla ethuthukisiwe, njengokunciphisa ushukela ekudleni kwakho. Kodwa ukudla okunempilo enhliziyweni kusho nokukhawulelwa:

• usawoti
• inyama enamafutha amaningi
• imikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha aphelele

Ngokusho kwe-ADA, kunezindlela eziningi zokudla ongakhetha kuzo abantu abanesifo sikashukela. Ukukhetha okunempilo okungagcinwa isikhathi sokuphila konke kuphumelela kakhulu. Ukudla kwe-DASH (Izindlela Zokudla Zokumisa Umfutho Wegazi Ophezulu) uhlelo lokudla olulodwa olwenzelwe ukusiza ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi. Zama lezi zeluleko eziphefumulelwe ze-DASH zokwenza ngcono indlela ejwayelekile yokudla kwaseMelika:

Ukudla okunempilo

• Gcwalisa izinsizakalo eziningana zemifino usuku lonke.
• Shintshela kwimikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha amancane.
• Nciphisa ukudla okusetshenzisiwe. Qiniseka ukuthi aqukethe ngaphansi kwama-milligram ayi-140 (mg) we-sodium ngokukhonza noma i-400-600 mg ngokudla ngakunye.
• Nciphisa usawoti wetafula.
• Khetha inyama engenamafutha, inhlanzi, noma inyama.
• Pheka usebenzisa izindlela ezinamafutha aphansi njengokuosa, ukugoqa nokubhaka.
• Gwema ukudla okuthosiwe.
• Yidla izithelo ezintsha.
• Yidla ngokuphelele, ukudla okungalungisiwe.
• Shintshela kurayisi onsundu namastas okusanhlamvu okuphelele kanye nezinkwa.
• Yidla ukudla okuncane.
• Shintshela ku-9-inch plate yokudla.

Ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme onesifo sikashukela

Ngenkathi abanye abantu bengathuthukisa uhlobo lwabo lwesifo sikashukela nohlobo lwegazi oluphezulu ngokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila, iningi labo lidinga imishanguzo. Ngokuya ngempilo yabo iyonke, abanye abantu bangadinga imithi engaphezu kweyodwa ukusiza ukuphatha umfutho wegazi. Imithi eminingi yomfutho wegazi ophezulu iwela kwesinye salezi zigaba:

• ama-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
• ama-angiotensin II receptor blockers (ama-ARB)
• beta-blocker
• abavimba isiteshi se-calcium
• isisu

Eminye imithi ikhiqiza imiphumela emibi, ngakho-ke landela indlela ozizwa ngayo. Qiniseka ukuthi uxoxa nganoma yimiphi eminye imishanguzo oyiphuzayo nodokotela wakho.