Ngabe Abanikezeli Bakwesobunxele Banempilo Ephansi Kunabanikela Ngakwesokudla?

-Delile

• Izandla ezingakwesobunxele nomdlavuza webele
• Abaphatha ngakwesobunxele kanye nokuphazamiseka kokunyakaza kwezitho
• Izandla ezingakwesobunxele nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo
• Iziphathi ezingakwesobunxele ne-PTSD
• Izandla ezingakwesobunxele nokuphuza utshwala
• Ngaphezu kwezingozi eziqondile zempilo
• Imininingwane enhle yezempilo yabanikela ngesobunxele
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Cishe amaphesenti ayi-10 wabantu angamanxele. Okunye kunesandla sokudla, futhi kukhona namaphesenti angaba ngu-1 abasebenza ngokuxakaniseka, okusho ukuthi abanasandla esilawulayo.

Akugcini nje ngokushiywa kwesibalo nge-9 kuye ku-1 ngamalungelo angakwesokudla, kunezingozi zezempilo ezibonakala zikhulu kulabo abanikeza ngesandla sobunxele.

Izandla ezingakwesobunxele nomdlavuza webele

Okushicilelwe kwiBritish Journal of Cancer kuhlolwe ukuthanda isandla nomdlavuza. Ucwaningo luye lwaphakamisa ukuthi abesifazane abanesandla sobunxele esiphakeme babe nengozi enkulu yokutholakala benomdlavuza webele kunabesifazane abanesandla sokudla esiphambili.

Umehluko wobungozi ubonakala kakhulu kwabesifazane asebeke banqamuka kokuya esikhathini.

Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi baqaphele ukuthi ucwaningo lubheke kuphela inani elincane kakhulu labesifazane, futhi kungenzeka kube nokunye okuguqukayo okuthinte imiphumela. Ucwaningo luphethe ukuthi olunye uphenyo luyadingeka.

Abaphatha ngakwesobunxele kanye nokuphazamiseka kokunyakaza kwezitho

Ucwaningo lwango-2011 oluqhamuka e-American College of Chest Physicians luye lwaphakamisa ukuthi abaphathi abangakwesokunxele banamathuba aphezulu kakhulu okuba nesifo sokunyakaza kwamalungu omzimba ngezikhathi ezithile (PLMD).

Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokunyakazisa izitho ezingazibandakanyi, eziphindaphindekayo ezenzeka ngenkathi ulele, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni kwemijikelezo yokulala.

Izandla ezingakwesobunxele nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo

Ucwaningo lwe-2013 Yale University lwalugxile ekunikezelweni kweziguli ezingakwesokunxele nangakwesokudla esikhungweni sezempilo yomqondo somphakathi.

Abaphenyi bathole ukuthi amaphesenti ayi-11 eziguli ezifundwe ngezifo zemizwa, njengokucindezeleka kanye ne-bipolar disorder, zingamanxele. Lokhu kufana nephesenti labantu abaningi, ngakho-ke akubanga khona ukwanda kokuphazamiseka kwemizwelo kulabo ababengamanxele.

Kodwa-ke, lapho kufundwa iziguli ezinokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, njenge-schizophrenia kanye ne-schizoaffective disorder, amaphesenti angama-40 eziguli abike ukuthi abhala ngesandla sangakwesokunxele. Lokhu bekuphakeme kakhulu kunalokho okutholwe eqenjini lokulawula.

Iziphathi ezingakwesobunxele ne-PTSD

Okushicilelwe ku-Journal of Traumatic Stress kuhlolwe isampula elincane labantu abacishe babe ngu-600 ngesifo sokucindezeleka kwangemva kwenhlekelele (PTSD).

Iqembu labantu abangama-51 abahlangabezane nenqubo yokuthola ukuxilongwa kwe-PTSD lalinabanikezeli abaningi abangakwesokunxele. Abantu abangakwesobunxele nabo babenezibalo eziphakeme kakhulu ezimpawu zokuvuka kwe-PTSD.

Ababhali baphakamise ukuthi ukuhlangana nesandla sobunxele kungaba ukutholakala okunamandla kubantu abane-PTSD.

Izandla ezingakwesobunxele nokuphuza utshwala

Ucwaningo lwango-2011 olushicilelwe kwiThe British Journal of Health Psychology luveze ukuthi abanikela ngakwesobunxele babika ukuthi baphuza utshwala obuningi kunabanikela ngakwesokudla. Lolu cwaningo lwababambiqhaza abazibikayo abangama-27,000 luthole ukuthi abantu abangamanxele bavame ukuphuza kaningi kunabantu abangakwesokudla.

Kodwa-ke, ekuhleleni kahle imininingwane, ucwaningo luphethe ngokuthi abanikezeli besobunxele bebengakwazi kakhulu ukuphuza ngokweqile noma ukuba yizidakwa. Izinombolo azibonisanga “isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi kuhlotshaniswa nokuphuza ngokweqile noma ukuphuza okuyingozi.”

Ngaphezu kwezingozi eziqondile zempilo

Kubukeka sengathi abaphathi abangakwesobunxele banezinye izinkinga lapho beqhathaniswa nabanikela kwesokudla. Ezinye zalezi zinkinga zingase zihlobene nezinkinga zokufinyelela kwezempilo esikhathini esizayo kanye nokufinyelela.

Ngokusho kokushicilelwe kwiDemography, izingane ezihamba phambili ngakwesobunxele zinecala lokuthi zingenzi kahle ezifundweni njengontanga yazo yangakwesokudla. Emakhonweni afana nokufunda, ukubhala, ulwazimagama, kanye nentuthuko yezenhlalo, abasebenzela ngakwesobunxele bathole amaphuzu aphansi.

Izinombolo azizange zishintshe kakhulu lapho isifundo silawula okuguquguqukayo, njengokubandakanyeka kwabazali kanye nesimo senhlalo nomnotho.

Ucwaningo lwe-Harvard lwango-2014 olushicilelwe ku-Journal of Economic Perspectives luye lwaphakamisa ukuthi abanikezeli besobunxele ngokuqhathanisa nabanikela kwesokudla:

• babe nokukhubazeka okwengeziwe ekufundeni, njenge-dyslexia
• unezinkinga eziningi zokuziphatha nezingokomzwelo
• ukuqeda isikole esincane
• sebenza emisebenzini edinga ikhono elincane lokuqonda
• babe nemali ephansi engu-10 kuye kwayi-12 emholweni wonyaka

Imininingwane enhle yezempilo yabanikela ngesobunxele

Yize abaphathi abangakwesokunxele benokubi okuthile ngombono wobungozi bezempilo, futhi banezinzuzo ezithile:

• Ucwaningo olwenziwa ngo-2001 lwabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1.2 lwaphetha ngokuthi ama-hander ayinayo ingozi yokungezwani nempilo yokungezwani komzimba futhi ayenezilonda eziphansi kanye nesifo samathambo.
• Ngokwesifundo sango-2015, abantu abangamanxele bayalulama ekushayweni unhlangothi nakokunye ukulimala okuhlobene nobuchopho ngokushesha kunabantu abangakwesokudla.
• Ukuphakanyiswa ukuthi abantu ababusa ngesandla sobunxele bashesha ukwedlula abantu abalawula isandla sangakwesokudla ekuqhubekeni nezimo eziningi.
• Ucwaningo lwango-2017 olushicilelwe kwi-Biology Letters luveze ukuthi abasubathi abadlala kwesobunxele emidlalweni ethile banesibalo esiphakeme kakhulu kunesabantu abaningi. Isibonelo, ngenkathi cishe amaphesenti ayi-10 omphakathi jikelele eshiywe esandleni, cishe amaphesenti angama-30 ama-pitchers e-elite ku-baseball ayizinxele.

AmaNxele angaziqhenya ngokumelwa kwawo kwezinye izindawo, njengobuholi: Abane kwabaongameli abayisishiyagalombili bokugcina baseMelika - uGerald Ford, uGeorge H. W. Bush, uBill Clinton, noBarack Obama - bangamanxele.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Yize abantu ababusa ngesandla sobunxele bema kuphela amaphesenti ayi-10 wabantu, babonakala benobungozi obuphakeme bezempilo ezimweni ezithile, kufaka phakathi:

• umdlavuza webele
• ukuphazamiseka kokunyakaza kwezitho
• ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo

Ama-handers angakwesobunxele nawo abonakala enenzuzo yezimo ezithile kubandakanya:

• isifo samathambo
• izilonda
• ukululama unhlangothi