I-Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: kuyini, izimbangela, izimpawu nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu
• Izimbangela ezingaba khona
• Yiziphi izinto eziyingozi
• Yini ukuxilongwa
• Yelashwa kanjani
• 1. Imithi
• 2. Ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo
• 3. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• 4. Ukwelashwa kwe-Interferon

I-Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) wuhlobo lomdlavuza wegazi ongajwayelekile, ongazalelwanga othuthuka ngenxa yokushintsha kwezakhi zofuzo zegazi, okwenza ukuthi bahlukane ngokushesha ukwedlula amaseli ajwayelekile.

Ukwelashwa kungenziwa ngemithi, ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo, i-chemotherapy noma ngezindlela zokwelapha zebhayoloji, ngokuya ngobukhulu benkinga noma umuntu ozolashwa.

Amathuba okwelashwa ngokuvamile aphezulu kakhulu, kepha angahluka ngokuya ngezinga lesifo, kanye neminyaka nempilo ejwayelekile yomuntu othintekile. Imvamisa, ukwelashwa ngezinga eliphakeme lokwelapha ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo, kepha abantu abaningi kungenzeka bangadingi ngisho nokufika kulokho kwelashwa.

Ziyini izimpawu

Izimpawu nezimpawu ezingenzeka kubantu abane-Chronic Myeloid Leukemia yilezi:

• Ukopha njalo;
• Ukukhathala;
• Imfiva;
• Ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu esisobala;
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla;
• Ubuhlungu obungezansi kwezimbambo, ohlangothini lwesobunxele;
• Pallor;
• Ukujuluka okweqile ebusuku.

Lesi sifo asizivezi ngokushesha izimpawu nezimpawu zisencane yingakho kungenzeka ukuthi uhlale nalesi sifo izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka ngaphandle kokuthi umuntu asibone.

Izimbangela ezingaba khona

Amaseli womuntu aqukethe ama-chromosomes angama-23, aqukethe i-DNA enezakhi zofuzo ezingenelela ekulawuleni amaseli emzimbeni. Kubantu abane-Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, kumaseli egazi, ingxenye ye-chromosome 9 ishintsha izindawo ezine-chromosome 22, idale i-chromosome emfushane kakhulu engu-22, ebizwa nge-chromosome yaseFiladelphia kanye ne-chromosome ende kakhulu engu-9.

Le chromosome yasePhiladelphia bese idala ufuzo olusha, bese izakhi zofuzo ezikwi-chromosome 9 no-22 bese zakha isakhi sofuzo esisha esibizwa nge-BCR-ABL, esiqukethe imiyalo etshela leli seli elisha elingavamile ukuthi likhiqize inani elikhulu lamaprotheni abizwa ngokuthi i-tyrosine kinase. kuholela ekwakhekeni komdlavuza ngokuvumela amangqamuzana egazi amaningana ukuthi akhule angalawuleki, alimaze umnkantsha wethambo.

Yiziphi izinto eziyingozi

Izici ezingakhuphula ubungozi bokuthola i-Chronic Myeloid Leukemia zindala, ukuba ngowesilisa nokuvezwa yimisebe, njengokwelashwa ngemisebe okusetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza.

Yini ukuxilongwa

Ngokuvamile, lapho kusolakala ukuthi lesi sifo, noma nini noma nini lapho kuvela izimpawu ezithile zesici, kutholakala ukuxilongwa okubandakanya ukuhlolwa komzimba, njengokuhlolwa kwezimpawu ezibalulekile nomfutho wegazi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kwamaphaphu, ubende nesisu, ku indlela yokuthola okungajwayelekile okungenzeka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kujwayelekile nokuthi udokotela anikeze ukuhlolwa kwegazi, i-biopsy isampula yomnkantsha wamathambo, ovame ukuthathwa ethangeni le-hip, kanye nokuhlolwa okukhethekile, okufana nokuhlaziywa kwe-fluorescent in situ hybridization kanye ne-polymerase chain reaction test, ehlaziya amasampula egazi noma omnkantsha wokuba khona kwe-chromosome yaseFiladelphia noma isakhi sofuzo i-BCR-ABL.

Yelashwa kanjani

Inhloso yokwelapha lesi sifo ukuqeda amangqamuzana egazi aqukethe isakhi esingajwayelekile, esidala ukukhiqizwa kwenani elikhulu lamaseli egazi angajwayelekile. Kwabanye abantu akunakwenzeka ukuqeda wonke amaseli agulayo, kepha ukwelashwa kungasiza ekuxolelweni kwalesi sifo.

1. Imithi

Imithi evimba isenzo se-tyrosine kinase ingasetshenziswa, njenge-Imatinib, i-Dasatinib, i-Nilotinib, i-Bosutinib noma i-Ponatinib, okuvame ukuba ukwelashwa kokuqala kwabantu abanalesi sifo.

Imiphumela emibi engadalwa yile mithi ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba, isicanucanu, amajaqamba, ukukhathala, isifo sohudo kanye nokuphendula kwesikhumba.

2. Ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo

Ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo ukuphela kwendlela yokwelashwa eqinisekisa ukwelashwa unomphela kwe-Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela isetshenziswa kuphela kubantu abangaphenduli kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha ngoba le ndlela ibeka izingozi futhi ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu.

3. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

I-Chemotherapy futhi iyindlela yokwelapha esetshenziswa kabanzi ezimweni ze-Chronic Myeloid Leukemia futhi imiphumela engemihle incike ohlotsheni lwemithi esetshenziswa ekwelashweni. Yazi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamakhemikhali nokuthi kwenziwa kanjani.

4. Ukwelashwa kwe-Interferon

Imithi yokwelapha isebenzisa amasosha omzimba ukusiza ukulwa nomdlavuza kusetshenziswa iprotheni ebizwa nge-interferon, esiza ukunciphisa ukukhula kwamangqamuzana ezimila. Le ndlela ingasetshenziswa ezimweni lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzi noma kubantu abangakwazi ukuthatha eminye imithi, njengabesifazane abakhulelwe, ngokwesibonelo.

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ekwelashweni ukukhathala, umkhuhlane, izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nokwehlisa isisindo.