I-Alkalosis yeMetabolic

-Delile

• Kuyini i-metabolic alkalosis?
• Ukwelashwa kwe-alkalosis ye-metabolic
• Ukuphendula nge-chloride
• Ukumelana ne-chloride
• Izimpawu ze-alkalosis ye-metabolic
• Indlela umzimba okhokhela ngayo i-alkalosis ye-metabolic
• Isinxephezelo semiphunga
• Isinxephezelo sezinso
• Izimbangela ze-alkalosis ye-metabolic
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-alkalosis ye-metabolic
• Ukuqonda amazinga e-pH
• Ukuhlaziywa komchamo
• I-alkalosis ye-Metabolic ene-hypochloremia
• Umbono we-alkalosis ye-metabolic

Kuyini i-metabolic alkalosis?

I-Metabolic alkalosis yisimo esenzeka lapho igazi lakho liba ne-alkaline eyeqile. I-alkaline iphikisana ne-acidic.

Imizimba yethu isebenza kahle kakhulu lapho ibhalansi ene-acidic-alkaline yegazi lethu imane itshekele kancane ku-alkaline.

I-alkalosis yenzeka lapho umzimba wakho unokuthi:

• ama-bicarbonate ions amaningi kakhulu akhiqiza i-alkali
• ambalwa kakhulu ama-ion e-hydrogen akhiqiza i-asidi

Abantu abaningi abazitholi izimpawu ze-metabolic alkalosis, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ungazi ukuthi unayo.

I-Metabolic alkalosis ingenye yezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko ze-alkalosis. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-alkalosis ye-metabolic:

• I-alkalosis ephendula i-chloride imiphumela yokulahleka kwama-hydrogen ions, imvamisa ngokuhlanza noma ukuphelelwa amandla emzimbeni.
• I-alkalosis emelana ne-chloride imiphumela lapho umzimba wakho ugcina ama-bicarbonate amaningi (i-alkaline) ions, noma uma kunoshintsho lwama-ion e-hydrogen asuka egazini lakho aya kumaseli akho.

Kunesimo futhi esibizwa nge-metabolic acidosis esenzeka lapho igazi lakho noma uketshezi lwakho lusaba ngokweqile.

Umzimba wakho ukhokhela kokubili i-alkalosis ne-acidosis ikakhulukazi ngamaphaphu akho. Amaphaphu ashintsha i-alkalinity yegazi lakho ngokuvumela i-carbon dioxide engaphezulu noma engaphansi ukuba iphume lapho uphefumula. Izinso nazo zidlala indima ngokulawula ukuqedwa kwama-bicarbonate ions.

Ukwelashwa kuyadingeka lapho lezi zindlela zemvelo zesinxephezelo zinganele.

Ukwelashwa kwe-alkalosis ye-metabolic

Ukwelashwa kwe-alkalosis ye-metabolic kuya ngokuthi i-alkalosis yakho ikhona yini
okuphendula i-chloride noma ukumelana ne-chloride. Kuya futhi ngesizathu esiyimbangela ye-alkalosis.

Ukuphendula nge-chloride

Uma une-alkalosis ephendula i-chloride emnene kuphela, ungahle udinge ukwenza ushintsho ekudleni kwakho, njengokukhuphula usawoti (i-sodium chloride). Ama-chloride ions azokwenza igazi lakho libe ne-esidi kakhulu futhi anciphise i-alkalosis.

Uma udokotela wakho enquma ukuthi i-alkalosis yakho idinga ukunakwa ngokushesha, bangakunika i-IV (i-intravenous drip) equkethe isisombululo sikasawoti (i-sodium chloride).

I-IV inqubo cishe engenabuhlungu. Kubandakanya ukufaka inaliti encane emthanjeni engalweni yakho. Inaliti ixhunywe ngepayipi esikhwameni esiyinyumba esiqukethe usawoti oncibilikiswe emanzini. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa esimweni sesibhedlela.

Ukumelana ne-chloride

Uma une-alkalosis emelana ne-chloride, umzimba wakho ungaphelelwa yi-potassium. Isixazululo se-sodium chloride ngeke sikusize futhi singenza izinto zibe zimbi kakhulu. Udokotela wakho uzobheka izindlela zokwandisa i-potassium.

Unganyusa amazinga akho e-potassium ngo:

• uthatha amaphilisi aqukethe i-potassium chloride izikhathi ezimbili kuya kwezine ngosuku (ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela)
• ukuthola i-potassium chloride ngemithambo yegazi

Izimpawu ze-alkalosis ye-metabolic

I-alkalosis ye-Metabolic kungenzeka ingakhombisi izimpawu. Abantu abanalolu hlobo lwe-alkalosis bavame ukukhononda ngezimo eziyimbangela yazo. Lokhu kungafaka:

• ukuhlanza
• isifo sohudo
• ukuvuvukala emilenzeni engezansi (i-peripheral edema)
• ukukhathala

Izimo ezinzima ze-alkalosis ye-metabolic zingadala:

• ukuyaluza
• ukudideka
• isithuthwane
• ikhoma

Izimpawu ezinzima zivame kakhulu lapho i-alkalosis ibangelwa yisifo esingalapheki sesibindi.

Indlela umzimba okhokhela ngayo i-alkalosis ye-metabolic

Izitho ezimbili zisiza ukukhokhela i-alkalosis ye-metabolic - amaphaphu ethu nezinso zethu.

Isinxephezelo semiphunga

Umzimba wethu ukhiqiza isikhutha lapho siguqula ukudla esikudlayo kube ngamandla kumaseli ethu. Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu asemithanjeni yethu athatha i-carbon dioxide ayise emaphashini ethu ukuze ayokhishwa.

Lapho i-carbon dioxide gas ixubana namanzi asegazini, yakhe i-asidi emnene, ebizwa nge-carbonic acid. I-carbonic acid bese iqhekeka iye kwi-bicarbonate ion ne-hydrogen. Ama-bicarbonate ions ane-alikhali.

Ngokushintsha izinga lokuphefumula, singakhuphula noma sehlise ukugxila kwama-alkaline bicarbonate ions agcinwe egazini lethu. Umzimba ukwenza lokhu ngokuzenzakalela kunqubo ebizwa isinxephezelo sokuphefumula. Le yimpendulo yokuqala futhi esheshayo yomzimba.

Ukunxephezela i-alkalosis, izimpawu zithunyelwa ukwehlisa izinga lokuphefumula.

Isinxephezelo sezinso

Izinso zingasiza ekulweni ne-alkalosis ngokwandisa ukukhishwa kwe-bicarbonate ions ngomchamo. Lokhu futhi kuyinkqubo ezenzakalelayo, kepha ihamba kancane kunesinxephezelo sokuphefumula.

Izimbangela ze-alkalosis ye-metabolic

Izimo eziningana ezingaphansi kwesisekelo zingadala i-alkalosis ye-metabolic. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

Ukulahlekelwa kwama-acid esiswini. Lesi yisona sizathu esivame kakhulu se-alkalosis ye-metabolic. Kuvame ukulethwa ukuhlanza noma ukuncela ngokusebenzisa ithubhu yokondla amakhala.

Ijusi lesisu linokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-hydrochloric acid, i-asidi enamandla. Ukulahleka kwayo kubangela ukwanda kwe-alkalinity yegazi.

Ukuhlanza kungavela kunoma iyiphi inombolo yokuphazamiseka kwesisu. Ngokuthola nokwelapha imbangela yokuhlanza, udokotela wakho uzokwelapha i-alkalosis ye-metabolic.

Ama-antacids amaningi. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Antacid ngokuvamile ngeke kuholele ku-alkalosis ye-metabolic. Kepha uma unezinso ezibuthakathaka noma ezihlulekayo futhi usebenzisa i-antacid engabambeki, ingaletha i-alkalosis. Ama-antacids angabambeki aqukethe i-aluminium hydroxide noma i-magnesium hydroxide.

Izidakamizwa. Amanye ama-diuretics (amaphilisi amanzi) ajwayele ukubekelwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme angadala ukwanda kwe-urinary acid secretion. Ukwanda koketshezi lwe-asidi emchameni kungenza igazi lakho libe ne-alkaline engaphezulu.

Uma i-alkalosis ibonakala lapho uthatha izidakamizwa ezifana ne-thiazide noma i-loop diuretics, udokotela wakho angakucela ukuthi ume.

Ukushoda kwe-potassium (hypokalemia). Ukushoda kwe-potassium kungadala ukuthi i-hydrogen ions ivame ukubakhona kuluketshezi oluzungeze amaseli akho ukuthi lushintshe ngaphakathi kwamaseli. Ukungabikho kwe-acidic hydrogen ions kubangela ukuthi uketshezi negazi lakho kube yi-alkaline eyengeziwe.

Umthamo wegazi owehlisiwe emithanjeni yegazi (EABV). Lokhu kungavela enhliziyweni ebuthakathaka nasesifo sokuqina kwesibindi. Ukuhamba kwegazi okuncishisiwe kuphazamisa ikhono lomzimba wakho lokususa ama-bicarbonate ions ane-alikhali.

Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, izinso, noma isibindi. I-alkalosis ye-Metabolic ingabangelwa ukwehluleka kwesitho esikhulu, njengenhliziyo yakho, izinso, noma isibindi. Lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni kwe-potassium.

Isisombululo se-saline ejwayelekile (i-sodium chloride) singenza izinto zibe zimbi ngokwedlulele ngokwenza umzimba wakho ugcine uketshezi ngaphandle kokuqeda okweqile kwe-bicarbonate ions okubangela i-alkalosis.

Izimbangela zofuzo. Ezimweni ezingavamile, isakhi sofuzo esizuzwe njengefa singaba imbangela ye-alkalosis ye-metabolic. Izifo ezinhlanu ezizuzwe njengefa ezingadala i-alkalosis ye-metabolic yilezi:

• Isifo seBartter
• Isifo se-Gitelman
• I-Liddle syndrome
• i-glucocorticoid aldosteronism elungisekayo
• ukubonakala ngokweqile kwe-mineralocorticoid

Ukuxilongwa kwe-alkalosis ye-metabolic

Ukuqala ukuxilonga, udokotela wakho uzothatha umlando wakho wezokwelapha futhi akuhlolisise ngokomzimba.

Uma besola i-alkalosis, bazohlolwa igazi nomchamo wakho. Bazobheka amazinga e-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide emithanjeni yakho bese balinganisa i-asidi ne-alkalinity yegazi lakho.

Ukuqonda amazinga e-pH

I-asidi noma i-alkalinity ketshezi ilinganiswa esikalini esibizwa nge-pH. Ku-alkalosis ye-metabolic, i-pH yegazi lakho iphezulu.

Into engathathi hlangothi kakhulu, amanzi, ine-pH engu-7. Lapho i-pH ketshezi iwela ngaphansi kuka-7, iba i-asidi. Lapho iphakama ngaphezu kwe-7, i-alkaline.

Igazi lakho livame ukuba ne-pH kusuka ku-7.35 kuye ku-7.45, noma i-alkaline kancane. Lapho i-pH iphakama kakhulu ngaphezu kwaleli zinga, une-alkalosis ye-metabolic.

Ukuhlaziywa komchamo

Udokotela wakho futhi angahlola ukugxila kwe-chloride ne-potassium ions kumchamo wakho.

Lapho izinga le-chloride liphansi, kubonisa ukuthi ungaphendula ekwelashweni ngesisombululo se-saline. Ukuhlushwa okuncane kwe-potassium kungakhombisa noma ukushoda kwe-potassium noma ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-laxatives.

I-alkalosis ye-Metabolic ene-hypochloremia

I-Hypochloremia isho ukuthi une-chloride ion encane kakhulu egazini lakho.

I-Hypochloremic alkalosis yisimo esibi esingakethusa. Kungaba umphumela wokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni nezinye izimbangela.

Ngenhlanhla, ingelashwa ngesisombululo esijwayelekile sosawoti (usawoti). Lokhu kungalethwa nge-IV uma unecala elibi, noma ngokulungiswa kokudla kwakho ezimweni ezimnene.

Umbono we-alkalosis ye-metabolic

I-metabolic alkalosis ivame ukuvela ezimweni ezinzima zokuhlanza ezibangela ukuthi ulahlekelwe uketshezi olune-asidi esiswini sakho. Lokhu kungahle kuguqulwe ngokwelashwa ngesisombululo se-saline.

Kungaba futhi umphumela wokushoda kwe-potassium noma ukushoda kwe-chloride. Lokhu kushoda kungelashwa ngamanzi afakwa emithanjeni noma, ezimweni ezincane, ngokulungiswa kokudla.

Ezinye izimo ze-alkalosis zibangelwa yisimo esibi kakhulu senhliziyo, izinso, noma isibindi. Ngenkathi i-alkalosis ingahle iguqulwe esikhathini esifushane, isimo esiyisisekelo kufanele silashelwe ukwelashwa okuhlala njalo.

Bona udokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezintsha noma ezihlala njalo.