I-Multiple Sclerosis Itholakala Kanjani?

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu ze-MS?
• Yini inqubo yokuthola i-MS?
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• Kuvulwe izivivinyo ezingaba khona
• Ukucabanga kwe-Magnetic resonance (MRI)
• Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar (umpompi womgogodla)
• Izindlela zokuxilonga
• Ingabe inqubo yokuxilonga ihlukile ngohlobo ngalunye lwe-MS?
• Ukubuyisela kabusha i-MS
• I-MS eqhubekayo eyinhloko
• I-MS eqhubekayo yesibili
• Isifo esingalapheki emitholampilo (i-CIS)
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Yini i-multiple sclerosis?

I-Multiple sclerosis (MS) yisimo lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela izicubu ezinempilo ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi (CNS). Izindawo ezithintekile zifaka phakathi:

• ubuchopho
• umhlonzo
• Izinzwa ze-optic

Izinhlobo eziningi ze-multiple sclerosis zikhona, kepha odokotela njengamanje abanakho ukuhlolwa okucacile ukunquma ukuthi ngabe umuntu unalesi sifo.

Ngoba asikho isivivinyo esisodwa sokuxilongwa se-MS, udokotela wakho angaqhuba izivivinyo eziningana ukukhipha ezinye izimo ezingenzeka. Uma izivivinyo zingalungile, zingaphakamisa ezinye izivivinyo ukuthola ukuthi izimpawu zakho zibangelwa yi-MS.

Kodwa-ke, izindlela ezintsha zokucabanga kanye nocwaningo oluqhubekayo kwi-MS kukonke kuye kwasho ukuthuthuka ekutholeni nasekwelapheni i-MS.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-MS?

I-CNS isebenza njengesikhungo sokuxhumana emzimbeni wakho. Ithumela izimpawu emisipheni yakho ukuzenza zihambe, futhi umzimba uthumela amasiginali emuva ukuze i-CNS ihumushe. Lezi zimpawu zingafaka imilayezo mayelana nokuthi yini oyibonayo noma oyizwayo, njengokuthinta indawo eshisayo.

Ngaphandle kwezintambo zezinzwa ezithwala amasiginali kunesigaxa esivikelayo okuthiwa i-myelin (MY-uh-lin). I-Myelin yenza kube lula ngezintambo zemizwa ukudlulisa imiyalezo. Iyafana nendlela ikhebula le-fiber-optic elikwazi ngayo ukuhambisa imiyalezo ngokushesha kunekhebuli yendabuko.

Uma une-MS, umzimba wakho uhlasela i-myelin namaseli enza i-myelin. Kwezinye izimo, umzimba wakho uze uhlasele amangqamuzana ezinzwa.

Izimpawu ze-MS ziyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu. Kwesinye isikhathi, izimpawu zizofika zidlule.

Odokotela bahlobanisa ezinye zezimpawu njengezivame kakhulu kubantu abaphila ne-MS. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• ukungasebenzi kahle kwesinye namathumbu
• ukudana
• ubunzima bokucabanga, njengokukhumbula inkumbulo nezinkinga ezigxile
• ukuhamba kanzima, njengokulahlekelwa ibhalansi
• isiyezi
• ukukhathala
• ukuba ndikindiki noma ukuncinza kobuso noma komzimba
• ubuhlungu
• ukuqina kwemisipha
• izinkinga zombono, kufaka phakathi ukubona okungahambi kahle nobuhlungu ngokunyakaza kwamehlo
• ubuthakathaka, ikakhulukazi ubuthakathaka bemisipha

Izimpawu ze-MS ezingavamile kakhulu zifaka:

• izinkinga zokuphefumula
• ikhanda
• ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa
• ukulunywa
• izinkinga zokugwinya
• isithuthwane
• ubunzima bokukhuluma, njengokukhuluma kabi
• ukuthuthumela

Uma unanoma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu, khuluma nodokotela wakho.

Yini inqubo yokuthola i-MS?

I-MS ayisona kuphela isimo esibangelwa i-myelin eyonakele. Kunezinye izimo zezokwelapha udokotela wakho angazicabangela lapho ethola i-MS engafaka:

• ukuphazamiseka komzimba, njengesifo semithambo ye-collagen
• ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali anobuthi
• Isifo se-Guillain-Barré
• iziyaluyalu zofuzo
• ukutheleleka ngegciwane
• ukushoda kukavithamini B-12

Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokucela umlando wakho wezokwelapha futhi abukeze izimpawu zakho. Bazophinde benze izivivinyo ezingabasiza ukuthi bahlole ukusebenza kwezinzwa zakho. Ukuhlolwa kwakho kwemizwa kuzobandakanya:

• ukuhlola ibhalansi yakho
• ekubuka uhamba
• ukuhlola ingqondo yakho
• ukuhlola umbono wakho

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Udokotela wakho angaphinde ahlele ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Lokhu ukukhipha ezinye izimo zezokwelapha nokushoda kwamavithamini okungadala izimpawu zakho.

Kuvulwe izivivinyo ezingaba khona

Ukuvivinywa kwamandla okukhishwa (EP) yilawo alinganisa umsebenzi kagesi wobuchopho. Uma isivivinyo sikhombisa izimpawu zokwehla komsebenzi wobuchopho, lokhu kungakhombisa i-MS.

Ukuhlola i-EP kuhilela ukubeka izintambo ekhanda ngaphezu kwezindawo ezithile zobuchopho bakho. Ngemuva kwalokho uzokwaziswa ukukhanya, imisindo, noma okunye ukuzwa ngenkathi umhloli elinganisa amagagasi akho obuchopho. Lokhu kuhlolwa akunabuhlungu.

Ngenkathi kunezilinganiso ezahlukahlukene ze-EP, uhlobo olwamukelwa kakhulu yi-EP ebonakalayo. Lokhu kubandakanya ukukucela ukuthi ubuke isikrini esibonisa iphethini yamabhodi wokuhlola ashintshanayo, ngenkathi udokotela elinganisa impendulo yengqondo yakho.

Ukucabanga kwe-Magnetic resonance (MRI)

I-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ingakhombisa izilonda ezingavamile ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni okuyizimpawu zesifo se-MS. Ekuhlolweni kwe-MRI, lezi zilonda zizovela zimhlophe ngokugqamile noma zimnyama kakhulu.

Ngenxa yokuthi ungaba nezilonda ebuchosheni ngezinye izizathu, njengokuthi ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi, udokotela wakho kufanele akhiphe lezi zimbangela ngaphambi kokwenza ukuxilongwa kwe-MS.

I-MRI ayibandakanyi ukuvezwa ngemisebe futhi ayibuhlungu. Iskena sisebenzisa amandla kazibuthe ukukala inani lamanzi ezicutshini. Imvamisa i-myelin iyaxosha amanzi. Uma umuntu one-MS elimaze i-myelin, kuzovela amanzi amaningi kuskena.

Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar (umpompi womgogodla)

Le nqubo ayisetshenziswa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuxilonga i-MS. Kodwa kungenye yezinqubo zokuxilonga ezingaba khona. Ukubhoboza i-lumbar kuhilela ukufaka inaliti emgodini womgogodla ukuze ususe uketshezi.

Uchwepheshe waselabhorethri uhlola uketshezi lomgogodla ngokuba khona kwama-antibodies athile abantu abane-MS abavame ukuba nawo. I-fluid ingabuye ihlolwe ukutheleleka, okungasiza udokotela wakho ukukhipha i-MS.

Izindlela zokuxilonga

Odokotela kungadingeka baphinde izivivinyo zokuxilonga ze-MS amahlandla amaningi ngaphambi kokuthi baqinisekise ukuxilongwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimpawu ze-MS zingashintsha. Bangase bahlolisise umuntu one-MS uma amaphuzu okuhlola kulezi zindlela ezilandelayo:

• Izimpawu nezimpawu zikhomba ukuthi kukhona ukulimala kwe-myelin ku-CNS.
• Udokotela uthole okungenani izilonda ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezingxenyeni ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ze-CNS nge-MRI.
• Kunobufakazi obususelwa ekuhlolweni komzimba ukuthi i-CNS ithintekile.
• Umuntu ube neziqephu ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zomsebenzi wezinzwa othintekayo okungenani usuku olulodwa, futhi zenzeka ngokuhlukana kwenyanga. Noma, izimpawu zomuntu ziye zathuthuka esikhathini esingangonyaka.
• Udokotela akakwazi ukuthola enye incazelo yezimpawu zomuntu.

Izindlela zokuxilonga zishintshile eminyakeni edlule futhi zizoqhubeka nokuguquka njengoba ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nocwaningo luza.

Izindlela ezisanda kwamukelwa zishicilelwe ngo-2017 njengoba iThe International Panel on the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis ibikhipha le mibandela.

Enye yezinto ezintsha zakamuva ekuhloleni i-MS iyithuluzi elibizwa nge-optical coherence tomography (OCT). Leli thuluzi livumela udokotela ukuthola izithombe zenzwa yokubuka yomuntu. Isivivinyo asibuhlungu futhi kufana nokuthatha isithombe seso lakho.

Odokotela bayazi ukuthi abantu abane-MS bavame ukuba nezinzwa ze-optic ezibukeka zihlukile kubantu abangenaso lesi sifo. I-OCT futhi ivumela udokotela ukuthi alandele impilo yamehlo womuntu ngokubheka i-optic nerve.

Ingabe inqubo yokuxilonga ihlukile ngohlobo ngalunye lwe-MS?

Odokotela bathole izinhlobo eziningi ze-MS. Ku-2013, kubuyekezwe izincazelo zalezi zinhlobo ngokususelwa ocwaningweni olusha nakubuchwepheshe obusha bezithombe.

Yize ukuxilongwa kwe-MS kunezinqubo zokuqala, ukunquma uhlobo lwe-MS umuntu analo kuyindaba yokulandela izimpawu zomuntu ze-MS ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukunquma uhlobo lwe-MS umuntu analo, odokotela bafuna

• Umsebenzi we-MS
• ukuxolelwa
• ukuqhubeka kwesimo

Izinhlobo ze-MS zifaka:

Ukubuyisela kabusha i-MS

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangamaphesenti angama-85 abane-MS baqale batholwe bene-MS ebuyisela emuva, ebonakala ngokubuyela emuva. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimpawu ezintsha ze-MS ziyavela futhi zilandelwa ukuthethelelwa kwezimpawu.

Cishe uhhafu wezimpawu ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokubuyela emuva zishiya izinkinga ezithile, kepha lezi zingase zibe zincane kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuxolelwa, isimo somuntu asibi sibi.

I-MS eqhubekayo eyinhloko

Umphakathi we-National MS ulinganisela ukuthi amaphesenti ayi-15 abantu abane-MS bane-MS ehamba phambili eyinhloko. Labo abanalolu hlobo bathola ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo kwezimpawu, imvamisa ngokubuyela emuva okuncane nokuxolelwa kusenesikhathi ekutholeni kwabo.

I-MS eqhubekayo yesibili

Abantu abanalolu hlobo lwe-MS banezigameko zokuqala zokubuyela emuva nokuxolelwa, futhi izimpawu ziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Isifo esingalapheki emitholampilo (i-CIS)

Udokotela angahlola umuntu one-syndrome ehlukanisiwe nomtholampilo (i-CIS) uma eneziqephu zezimpawu ze-neurologic ezihambisana ne-MS ehlala okungenani amahora angama-24. Lezi zimpawu zifaka ukuvuvukala nokulimala kwe-myelin.

Ukuba nesiqephu esisodwa nje sokuzwa uphawu oluhambisana ne-MS akusho ukuthi umuntu uzoqhubeka nokuthuthukisa i-MS.

Kodwa-ke, uma imiphumela ye-MRI yomuntu one-CIS ikhombisa ukuthi bangaba sengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa i-MS, imihlahlandlela emisha incoma ukuqala ukwelashwa okuguqula izifo.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ngokusho kweNational MS Society, le mihlahlandlela inamandla okunciphisa ukuqala kwe-MS kubantu abanezimpawu zabo ezitholwa kusaqalwa.