Ukudla komzali: kuyini, kwenzelwa ini nokuthi ungakuphatha kanjani

-Delile

• Uma kukhonjisiwe
• Ungakuphatha kanjani ukondliwa kwabazali
• Yini okufanele uyiqaphele ngesikhathi sokuphatha
• Uhlobo lokondla kwabazali
• Izinkinga ezingenzeka
• 1. Isikhathi esifushane
• 2. Isikhathi eside

Ukondleka kwe-Parenteral, noma i-parenteral (PN), kuyindlela yokuphatha izakhamzimba ezenziwa ngqo emthanjeni, lapho kungenakwenzeka ukuthola izakhamzimba ngokudla okujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lokudla okunempilo lusetshenziswa lapho umuntu engasenawo umgudu osebenzayo wamathumbu, okuvame ukwenzeka kubantu abasesimweni esibucayi kakhulu, njengomdlavuza wesisu noma wamathumbu esiteji esithuthuke kakhulu, isibonelo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokondliwa kwabazali:

• Ukudla okunomzali okhethekile: izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela zomsoco namavithamini afakwa ngomthambo;
• Ingqikithi yokondliwa kwabazali (TPN): zonke izinhlobo zezakhamzimba namavithamini zenziwa ngomthambo.

Ngokuvamile, abantu abenza lolu hlobo lokudla bangeniswa esibhedlela ukuze bagcine ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kwesimo sabo sempilo, noma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi, kwezinye izimo, ukondliwa kwabazali nakho kuyenziwa ekhaya futhi, kulezi zimo, udokotela noma umhlengikazi kufanele achaze ukuthi ukuphatha kanjani ukudla ngendlela efanele.

Uma kukhonjisiwe

Ukudla kwabazali kusetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukungondleki, ikakhulukazi kubantu okuthi, ngasizathu simbe, bangabi nawo umgudu osebenzayo wamathumbu noma abadinga ukuphumula isisu noma amathumbu abo.

Ngalesi sizathu, ukondla kwabazali nakho kukhonjisiwe lapho ukondla ngomlomo, noma ngethumbu, kungenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-5 noma eziyi-7.

Ukuboniswa kwalolu hlobo lokudla okunempilo nakho kungenziwa esikhathini esifushane, lapho kwenziwa kuze kube yinyanga eyodwa, noma esikhathini eside, kuya ngesimo somuntu ngamunye:

Ungakuphatha kanjani ukondliwa kwabazali

Isikhathi esiningi, umsoco wabazali wenziwa ngabahlengikazi esibhedlela, kepha, lapho kudingeka ukuphatha ekhaya, kubalulekile ukuthi kuqala uhlolisise isikhwama sokudla, uqinisekise ukuthi kusesikhathini sokuphela kwesikhathi, ukuthi isikhwama sihlala singashintshi futhi sigcina izici zaso ezijwayelekile.

Ngemuva kwalokho, esimweni sokuphathwa nge-catheter eseceleni, umuntu kufanele alandele isinyathelo-ngesinyathelo:

1. Geza izandla zakho ngensipho namanzi;
2. Misa noma yikuphi ukumuncwa kwe-serum noma umuthi owenziwa nge-catheter;
3. Khipha amagciwane ohlelweni lwe-serum, usebenzisa i-swab oyinyumba yotshwala;
4. Susa uhlelo lwe-serum olwalukhona;
5. Kancane kancane jekisa u-20 mL kasawoti;
6. Xhuma uhlelo lokudla kwabazali.

Le nqubo yonke kufanele yenziwe kusetshenziswa okokusebenza okukhonjiswe ngudokotela noma unesi, kanye nepompo yokuhambisa elinganisiwe eqinisekisa ukuthi ukudla kunikezwa ngejubane elifanele nangesikhathi esikhonjiswe ngudokotela.

Lesi sinyathelo ngesinyathelo kufanele sifundiswe futhi siqeqeshwe nomhlengikazi esibhedlela, ukuqeda noma ikuphi ukungabaza nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinkinga aziveli.

Yini okufanele uyiqaphele ngesikhathi sokuphatha

Lapho kuhlinzekwa ukondliwa kwabazali, kubalulekile ukuhlola indawo yokufaka i-catheter, ukuhlola ubukhona bokuvuvukala, ubomvu noma ubuhlungu. Uma kuvela noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kungakuhle ukuthi uyeke ukondla ngabazali bese uya esibhedlela.

Uhlobo lokondla kwabazali

Uhlobo lokondleka kwabazali lungahlukaniswa ngokomzila wokuphatha:

• Ukudla okuphakathi kwabazali: yenziwa nge-catheter ye-venous emaphakathi, okuyishubhu encane efakwa ngaphakathi komthambo omkhulu, njenge-vena cava, futhi evumela ukuphathwa kwezakhamzimba isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku eziyi-7;
• Ukudla okunomsoco kwabazali (NPP): yenziwa nge-pheripheral venous catheter, efakwa emthanjeni omncane womzimba, imvamisa engalweni noma esandleni. Lolu hlobo lukhonjiswa kahle lapho umsoco ugcinwa kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-7 noma eziyi-10, noma lapho kungenakwenzeka ukubeka ipayipi lomthambo eliphakathi nendawo.

Ukwakheka kwezikhwama ezisetshenziswe ekondleni kwabazali kungahluka ngokuya ngesimo ngasinye, kepha kuvame ukufaka amafutha, i-glucose nama-amino acid, kanye namanzi namaminerali ahlukahlukene kanye namavithamini.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka

Izinkinga ezingavela ngokudla kwabazali zihlukahlukene kakhulu futhi, ngakho-ke, kubalulekile njalo ukulandela yonke imihlahlandlela eyenziwe ngudokotela nabanye ochwepheshe bezempilo.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezinkinga zingaqoqwa ngokwesikhathi se-PN:

1. Isikhathi esifushane

Esikhathini esifushane, izinkinga ezivame kakhulu zifaka lezo ezihlobene nokubekwa kwepayipi le-venous central, njenge-pneumothorax, i-hydrothorax, ukuphuma kwegazi kwangaphakathi, ukulimala kwemizwa engalweni noma ukulimala komthambo wegazi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutheleleka kwesilonda se-catheter, ukuvuvukala kwesitsha segazi, ukuvinjelwa kwe-catheter, i-thrombosis noma ukutheleleka okwenziwe ngamagciwane, amabhaktheriya noma isikhunta nakho kungenzeka.

Ezingeni le-metabolic, izinkinga eziningi zibandakanya ushintsho emazingeni kashukela egazini, i-metabolic acidosis noma i-alkalosis, kwehle ama-fatty acid abalulekile, izinguquko kuma-electrolyte (i-sodium, i-potassium, i-calcium) kanye nokwanda kwe-urea noma i-creatinine.

2. Isikhathi eside

Lapho umsoco we-parenteral usetshenziselwa isikhathi eside, izinkinga eziyinhloko zifaka ushintsho esibindini nase-vesicle, njengesibindi esinamafutha, i-cholecystitis ne-portal fibrosis. Ngalesi sizathu, kujwayelekile ukuthi umuntu aveze ukwanda kwama-enzyme wesibindi ekuhlolweni kwegazi (i-transaminase, i-alkaline phosphatase, i-gamma-GT kanye ne-bilirubin ephelele).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-fatty acid kanye ne-carnitine, ukuguqulwa kwezitshalo zamathumbu kanye ne-atrophy ye-velocities yamathumbu kanye nemisipha nakho kungenzeka.