Ama-STD omlomo: Ziyini Izimpawu?

-Delile

• UChlamydia
• Isifo sokuqhuma
• Ugcunsula
• I-HSV-1
• I-HSV-2
• I-HPV
• I-HIV
• Ungahlolwa kanjani
• Okubalulekile

Izifo nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (ama-STI) azitholakali nje kuphela ngocansi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane noma sangasese - noma yikuphi ukuxhumana kwesikhumba nesikhumba nezitho zobulili kwanele ukudlulisela i-STI kumlingani wakho.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi ucansi lomlomo usebenzisa umlomo, izindebe, noma ulimi kungadala ubungozi obufanayo neminye imisebenzi yezocansi.

Ukuphela kwendlela yokwehlisa ubungozi bokudluliswa kwakho ukusebenzisa ikhondomu noma enye indlela yokuvimba kukho konke ukuhlangana kocansi.

Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde ukuthi iziphi izifo zocansi ezithathelana ngocansi lomlomo, izimpawu okufanele uzibheke nokuthi ungahlolwa kanjani.

UChlamydia

I-Chlamydia ibangelwa amagciwane I-Chlamydia trachomatis. I-STI ejwayelekile kakhulu yebhaktheriya e-United States phakathi kweminyaka yonke yobudala.

I-Chlamydia ngocansi lomlomo, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi idluliswe ngocansi lwangasese noma lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane. I-Chlamydia ingathinta umphimbo, izitho zangasese, umgudu wokuchama kanye ne-rectum.

Iningi le-chlamydia elithinta umphimbo alibangeli zimpawu. Lapho izimpawu zivela, zingabandakanya umphimbo obuhlungu. I-Chlamydia ayisona isimo sempilo yonke, futhi siyelapheka ngama-antibiotic afanele.

Isifo sokuqhuma

I-gonorrhea yi-STI ejwayelekile ebangelwa igciwane I-Neisseria gonorrhoeae. I-CDC ilinganisela ukuthi kune-gonorrhea unyaka nonyaka, ethinta abantu abaneminyaka engu-15 kuya kwengu-24.

Kokubili i-gonorrhea ne-chlamydia kungadluliselwa ngocansi ngomlomo ngokwe-CDC, kepha izingozi ngqo. Labo abahlanganyela ocansini lomlomo bangahlanganyela ocansini lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane noma sangasese, ngakho-ke imbangela yalesi simo kungenzeka ingacaci.

I-gonorrhea ingathinta umphimbo, izitho zangasese, umgudu wokuchama kanye ne-rectum.

Njenge-chlamydia, i-gonorrhea yomphimbo kaningi ayibonisi zimpawu. Lapho kuvela izimpawu, kuvame ukuba yisonto ngemuva kokuvezwa futhi kungafaka umphimbo obuhlungu.

I-gonorrhea ingalapheka ngama-antibiotic afanele. Kodwa-ke, kuye kwaba nokwanda kwemibiko ye-gonorrhea engazweli emithini e-United States nasemhlabeni jikelele.

I-CDC incoma ukuphinda uzame uma izimpawu zakho zingapheli ngemuva kokuphothula inkambo ephelele yama-antibiotic.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi noma yibaphi ozakwethu bahlolwe futhi belashelwe noma yimaphi ama-STI okungenzeka ukuthi badalulwe kuwo.

Ugcunsula

Ugcunsula yisifo esithathelana ngokocansi esidalwa yigciwane I-Treponema pallidum. Akuvamile njengamanye ama-STI.

Ngokusho kwe-, bekukhona abayi-115,045 ababike ukuthi kunesifo sogcunsula esisha ngo-2018. Ugcunsula lungathinta umlomo, izindebe, izitho zangasese, ingquza, kanye nengxenyeni. Uma ingalashwa, ugcunsula lungasakazeka luthinte nezinye izingxenye zomzimba, kufaka phakathi imithambo yegazi kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa.

Izimpawu zeSyphilis zenzeka ngezigaba. Isigaba sokuqala (ugcunsula oyinhloko) sibonakala ngesilonda esingenabuhlungu (esibizwa ngokuthi i-chancre) esithweni sangasese, engxenyeni, noma emlonyeni. Isilonda singase singanakwa futhi sizozinyamalela sodwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa.

Esigabeni sesibili (ugcunsula wesibili), ungahlangabezana nokuqubuka kwesikhumba, ama-lymph node avuvukele, nomkhuhlane. Isigaba esifihlekile sesimo, esingahlala iminyaka, asibonisi zimpawu noma zimpawu.

Isigaba sesithathu salesi simo (i-syphilis ephakeme) singathinta ubuchopho bakho, izinzwa, amehlo, inhliziyo, imithambo yegazi, isibindi, amathambo namalunga.

Ingasakazeka nasemntwaneni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi ibangele ukuzalwa komntwana noma ezinye izinkinga ezinkulu ezinganeni.

Ugcunsula ungalapheka ngemithi elwa namagciwane efanele.Uma ishiywe ingalashwa, lesi simo sizohlala emzimbeni futhi singadala izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo njengokulimala komzimba kanye nemiphumela ebalulekile yezinzwa.

I-HSV-1

Uhlobo lwegciwane i-herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) lungenye yezinhlobo ezimbili ze-STI ejwayelekile yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza.

I-HSV-1 isakazeka ikakhulu ngokuthintana ngomlomo noma ngomlomo noma ngomlomo, okwenza kokubili i-herpes yomlomo ne-herpes yesitho sangasese. Ngokuya nge-HSV-1 ithinta abantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezi-3.7 ezingaphansi kweminyaka engama-50 emhlabeni jikelele.

I-HSV-1 ingathinta izindebe zomlomo, umlomo, umphimbo, izitho zangasese, i-rectum ne-anus. Izimpawu ze-herpes yomlomo zifaka phakathi amabhamuza noma izilonda (ezibizwa nangokuthi izilonda ezibandayo) emlonyeni, ezindebeni, nasemphinjeni.

Lesi yisimo sempilo yonke esingasabalala ngisho noma izimpawu zingekho. Ukwelashwa kunganciphisa noma kuvimbele ukuqubuka kwe-herpes futhi kunciphise imvamisa yabo.

I-HSV-2

I-HSV-2 idluliselwa ngokuyinhloko ngokuya ocansini, kubangele i-herpes yezitho zobulili noma ezizayo. Ngokuya nge-HSV-2 ithinta abantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-491 abaneminyaka yobudala eyi-15 kuye kwengama-49 emhlabeni jikelele.

I-HSV-2 ingasakazeka ngocansi lomlomo futhi, kanye ne-HSV-1 kungadala izifo ezinkulu njenge-herpes esophagitis kwabanye abantu, kepha lokhu akuvamile. Izimpawu ze-herpes esophagitis zifaka:

• izilonda ezivulekile emlonyeni
• ubunzima bokugwinya noma ubuhlungu ngokugwinya
• Ukugodola
• imfiva
• i-malaise (ukuzwa okungajwayelekile)

Lesi yisimo sempilo yonke esingasabalala ngisho noma ungenazo izimpawu. Ukwelashwa kunganciphisa futhi kunciphise noma kuvimbele ukuqubuka kwe-herpes.

I-HPV

I-HPV yi-STI ejwayelekile kunazo zonke e-United States. I-CDC ilinganisela ukuthi cishe bahlala ne-HPV njengamanje.

Leli gciwane lingasabalala ngokusebenzisa ucansi lomlomo kaningi njengoba lenza ucansi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane noma sangasese. I-HPV ithinta umlomo, umphimbo, izitho zangasese, umlomo wesibeletho, ingquza, kanye nengxenyeni.

Kwezinye izimo, i-HPV ngeke ibonise noma yiziphi izimpawu.

Izinhlobo ezithile ze-HPV zingadala i-laryngeal noma i-papillomatosis yokuphefumula, ethinta umlomo nomphimbo. Izimpawu zifaka:

• izinsumpa emphinjeni
• izinguquko zezwi
• kunzima ukukhuluma
• ukuphelelwa umoya

Izinhlobo eziningi ze-HPV ezithinta umlomo nomphimbo azibangeli izinsumpa, kodwa zingadala umdlavuza wekhanda noma wentamo.

I-HPV ayinayo ikhambi, kepha iningi lama-HPV transmissions lisuswa ngumzimba ngokwawo ngaphandle kokubanga izinkinga. Izinsumpa zomlomo nomphimbo zingasuswa ngokuhlinzwa noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha, kepha zingaphinde zibuye ngisho nokwelashwa.

Ngo-2006, i-FDA yavuma umuthi wokugomela izingane kanye nabantu abadala abaneminyaka yobudala eyi-11 kuye kwengama-26 ukuvimbela ukudluliswa okuvela ezinkingeni ezivame kakhulu ezinobungozi be-HPV. Lezi yizinhlobo ezihlobene nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, we-anal, nowekhanda nowentamo. Iphinde ivikele ezifweni ezivamile ezidala izinsumpa zangasese.

Ngo-2018, i-FDA kubantu abadala abafinyelela eminyakeni engama-45.

I-HIV

I-CDC ilinganisela ukuthi e-United States babephila ne-HIV ngonyaka ka-2018.

Igciwane lesandulela ngculaza lisatshalaliswa kakhulu ocansini lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane nesangasese. Ngokusho kuka, ingozi yakho yokusabalalisa noma yokuthola i-HIV ngokuya ocansini ngomlomo iphansi kakhulu.

I-HIV iyisifo sempilo yonke, futhi abaningi abaziboni izimpawu zeminyaka. Abantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza ekuqaleni bangaba nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane.

Alikho ikhambi le-HIV. Kodwa-ke, abantu abane-HIV bangaphila impilo ende, enempilo ngokuthatha imishanguzo yokulwa namagciwane futhi bahlale belashwa.

Ungahlolwa kanjani

Ekuhlolweni kwe-STI, ukuhlolwa konyaka (okungenani) kwe-chlamydia ne-gonorrhea kubo bonke abesifazane abahlanganyela ocansini abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-25 kanye nakubo bonke abesilisa abaya ocansini nabesilisa abenza ucansi nabesilisa (MSM). I-MSM kufanele futhi ihlolwe i-syphilis okungenani njalo ngonyaka.

Abantu abanezithandani ezintsha noma eziningi, kanye nabesifazane abakhulelwe, kufanele futhi bahlolwe minyaka yonke izifo zocansi. I-CDC iphinda yancoma ukuthi bonke abantu abaneminyaka engu-13 kuya kwengama-64 bahlolelwe i-HIV okungenani kanye empilweni yabo.

Ungavakashela udokotela wakho noma umtholampilo wezempilo ukuze uyohlolelwa i-HIV nezinye izifo zocansi. Imitholampilo eminingi inikela ngezinketho zokuhlola mahhala noma ngezindleko eziphansi. Ongakulindela esivivinyweni kuzohluka phakathi kwesimo ngasinye.

Izinhlobo zokuhlolwa zifaka:

• I-Chlamydia ne-gonorrhea. Lokhu kufaka i-swab yendawo yakho yobulili, umphimbo, noma i-rectum, noma isampula yomchamo.
• I-HIV. Ukuhlolelwa i-HIV kudinga i-swab ephuma emlonyeni wakho noma ekuhlolweni kwegazi.
• I-Herpes (enezimpawu). Lokhu kuhlolwa kufaka i-swab yendawo ethintekile.
• Ugcunsula. Lokhu kudinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma isampula ethathwe esilondeni.
• I-HPV (izinsumpa zomlomo noma umphimbo). Lokhu kufaka ukuxilongwa okubonakalayo okususelwa kuzimpawu noma ukuhlolwa kwepapa.

Okubalulekile

Yize izifo ezithathelana ngokocansi zivame ukusatshalaliswa ngokuya ocansini, kusengenzeka ukuzithola ngesikhathi socansi lomlomo.

Ukugqoka ijazi lomkhwenyana noma enye indlela - ngendlela efanele futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi - ukuphela kwendlela yokwehlisa ubungozi nokuvikela ukudluliswa.

Kufanele uhlolwe njalo uma uya ocansini. Uma wazi isimo sakho ngokushesha, ungathola imishanguzo ngaphambi kwesikhathi.