Ngabe amaqanda adinga ukufakwa esiqandisini?

-Delile

• Konke kumayelana neSalmonella
• Isiqandisisi siyadingeka e-United States
• Isiqandisi asidingeki eYurophu
• Ezinye izinzuzo nezingozi zefriji
• I-Pro: Isiqandisisi singaphindaphinda kabili ishalofu lempilo
• I-Con: Amaqanda angabamba ukunambitheka efrijini
• I-Con: Amaqanda akufanele agcinwe emnyango wefriji
• Con: Amaqanda abandayo kungenzeka angalunge kakhulu ukubhaka
• Okubalulekile

Ngenkathi iningi labantu baseMelika ligcina amaqanda esiqandisini, abantu baseYurophu abaningi awawagcini.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iziphathimandla emazweni amaningi aseYurophu zithi ukufaka amaqanda esiqandisini akudingekile. Kepha e-United States, kubhekwa njengokuphephile ukugcina amaqanda ekamelweni lokushisa.

Njengoba unjalo, ungazibuza ukuthi iyiphi indlela engcono yokugcina amaqanda.

Lo mbhalo ukutshela ukuthi amaqanda adinga ukufakwa esiqandisini.

Konke kumayelana neSalmonella

Salmonella uhlobo lwama-bacteria ahlala emathunjini ezilwane eziningi ezinegazi elifudumele. Kuphephe ngokuphelele uma kuqukethwe ngaphakathi komgudu wamathumbu wesilwane kodwa kungadala ukugula okungathi sína uma kungena ekudleni kokudla.

Salmonella ukutheleleka kungadala izimpawu ezingemnandi njengokuhlanza kanye nohudo futhi kuyingozi ikakhulukazi - kuyabulala - kubantu abadala asebekhulile, ezinganeni, nalabo abanamasosha omzimba abe buthakathaka ().

Imithombo ejwayelekile ye- Salmonella ukuqhamuka kwamahlumela e-alfalfa, ibhotela lamantongomane, inkukhu namaqanda. Ngawo-1970 nawo-1980, amaqanda ayebhekwa ukuthi abhekele ama-77% we Salmonella ukuqubuka e-United States (,).

Lokhu kwenze imizamo yokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwamaqanda. Izinga lokutheleleka selinciphile, yize kunjalo Salmonella ukuqubuka kusenzeka ().

Iqanda lingangcoliswa ngalo Salmonella ngaphandle, uma amagciwane engena egobolondweni leqanda, noma ngaphakathi, uma isikhukhukazi uqobo lwaso sithwele Salmonella futhi amabhaktheriya adluliselwa eqandeni ngaphambi kokuba igobolondo lakheke ().

Ukuphatha, ukugcina, nokupheka kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni Salmonella ukuqhamuka kwamaqanda angcolile.

Isibonelo, ukugcina amaqanda ngaphansi kuka-40 ° F (4 ° C) kumisa ukukhula kwe- Salmonella, futhi ukupheka amaqanda okungenani ayi-160 ° F (71 ° C) kubulala noma yimaphi amabhaktheriya akhona.

Njengoba Salmonella Ukwelashwa kuyahlukahluka ngezwe - njengoba kuchazwe ngezansi - amaqanda esiqandisini angadingeka kwezinye izifunda kepha hhayi kwezinye.

Salmonella yigciwane elivame ukudala izifo ezitholakala ekudleni. Amazwe aphatha kanjani amaqanda Salmonella inquma ukuthi ngabe badinga ukufakwa esiqandisini.

Isiqandisisi siyadingeka e-United States

E-United States, Salmonella iphathwa kakhulu ngaphandle.

Ngaphambi kokuba kuthengiswe amaqanda, kwenziwa inqubo yokuvala inzalo. Ziyagezwa ngamanzi ashisayo, anensipho futhi zifuthwe ngesibulala-magciwane, esibulala noma yimaphi amagciwane egobolondweni (,).

Idlanzana lezinye izizwe, kufaka phakathi i-Australia, iJapan kanye namazwe aseScandinavia, ziphatha amaqanda ngendlela efanayo.

Le ndlela iphumelela kakhulu ekubulaleni amabhaktheriya atholakala kumagobolondo amaqanda. Kodwa-ke, ayenzi lutho ukubulala amabhaktheriya okungenzeka asevele ekhona ngaphakathi kweqanda - okuvame ukuthi yikho okwenza abantu bagule (,,).

Inqubo yokuwasha nayo ingasusa i-cuticle yeqanda, okuyisendlalelo esincanyana egobolondweni leqanda elisiza ukulivikela.

Uma kususwa i-cuticle, noma imaphi amabhaktheriya ahlangana neqanda ngemuva kokuvala inzalo azokwazi ukungena kalula kugobolondo futhi angcolise okuqukethwe iqanda (,).

Ngenkathi ifriji ingawabulali amagciwane, yehlisa ubungozi bokugula ngokunciphisa inani lamagciwane. Futhi kuvimbela amabhaktheriya ekungeneni kugobolondo lweqanda (,).

Noma kunjalo, kunesinye isizathu esibalulekile sokuthi amaqanda kufanele afakwe esiqandisini e-United States.

Ukugcina amabhaktheriya abe mancane, i-Food and Drug Administration (i-FDA) idinga ukuthi amaqanda athengiswe ngentengiso agcinwe futhi athuthwe ngaphansi kuka-45 ° F (7 ° C).

Uma amaqanda esefakwe esiqandisini, kufanele agcinwe esiqandisini ukuvikela ukufingqana ekwakheni igobolondo uma kufudumala. Lo mswakama wenza kube lula ngamagciwane ukungena egobolondweni.

Ngakho-ke, noma yimaphi amaqanda akhiqizwa ngokuthengisa e-United States kufanele agcinwe efrijini lakho.

E-United States nakwamanye amazwe ambalwa, amaqanda ayagezwa, ahlanzwe, futhi afakwe esiqandisini ukuze kuncishiswe amagciwane. Amaqanda kulezi zizwe kufanele ahlale efrijini ukunciphisa ubungozi bokungcola.

Isiqandisi asidingeki eYurophu

Amazwe amaningi ase-Europe awawafaki amaqanda abo esiqandisini, noma bezwa okufanayo Salmonella umqedazwe phakathi nawo-1980.

Ngenkathi i-United States isebenzisa imithethonqubo yokuwashwa kwamaqanda nokufakwa esiqandisini, amazwe amaningi ase-Europe athuthukisa ukuthuthwa kwendle futhi agoma izikhukhukazi Salmonella ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwasekuqaleni (,).

Isibonelo, ngemuva kohlelo e-United Kingdom lokugoma zonke izikhukhukazi ezizalela amaqanda kulona uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwaleli bhaktheriya, inani Salmonella amacala ezweni ehle ezingeni lawo eliphansi kakhulu emashumini eminyaka ().

Ngokuphikisana ne-United States, ukugeza nokubulala amagciwane amaqanda akukho emthethweni e-European Union. Kodwa-ke, iSweden neNetherlands kukhona okuhlukile (14).

Yize lokhu kungabonakala kungcolile kubantu baseMelika, i-cuticle yeqanda negobolondo kushiyekile kungalimazi, kusebenza njengongqimba lokuzivikela kuma-bacteria ().

Ngaphezu kwe-cuticle, amaqanda amhlophe nawo anokuzivikela kwemvelo kuma-bacteria, angasiza ukuvikela iqanda amasonto amathathu (,).

Ngakho-ke, kubhekwa njengokungenasidingo ukufaka amaqanda esiqandisini engxenyeni enkulu yeYurophu.

Eqinisweni, i-European Union incoma ukuthi amaqanda agcinwe epholile - kodwa angafakwa esiqandisini - ezitolo ezinkulu ukuze awavimbe afudumale futhi enze ukufingqa phakathi nohambo lwakho lokuya ekhaya.

Ngenxa yokuthi amaqanda avela e-European Union aphathwa ngendlela ehlukile kunaleyo yase-U.S., Kuhle ukugcina amaqanda ngaphandle kwesiqandisi engxenyeni enkulu ye-Europe inqobo nje uma uhlela ukuwasebenzisa kungekudala.

Emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, Salmonella igcinwa ilawulwa ngezindlela zokuvimbela njengokugoma. Amapulazi ngokuvamile awavunyelwe ukugeza amaqanda, ngakho-ke ama-cuticles ahlala engaphelele, evimbela isiqandisi.

Ezinye izinzuzo nezingozi zefriji

Noma ungahle ungadingi ukufriji amaqanda akho, ungahle uthande ukwenza kanjalo ngokuya ngendawo yakho.

Ngenkathi ifriji inezinzuzo ezithile, ibuye ibe nezingqinamba zayo. Ngezansi kukhona ubuhle nobubi beqhwa leqanda.

I-Pro: Isiqandisisi singaphindaphinda kabili ishalofu lempilo

Ukugcina amaqanda akho efrijini kuyindlela engcono yokugcina amabhaktheriya elawulwa.

Njengebhonasi eyengeziwe, ibuye igcine amaqanda aqabuleka isikhathi eside kunokuwagcina ekamelweni lokushisa.

Ngenkathi iqanda elisha eligcinwe ekamelweni lokushisa lizoqala ukwehla ngekhwalithi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa futhi lidinga ukuthi lisetshenziswe kungakapheli amasonto amathathu, amaqanda agcinwa esiqandisini azogcina ikhwalithi nokuqabuleka okungenani kabili ubude (,,).

I-Con: Amaqanda angabamba ukunambitheka efrijini

Amaqanda angathola iphunga nokunambitheka kusuka kokunye ukudla okusefrijini lakho, njengo-anyanisi abasanda kusikwa.

Kodwa-ke, ukugcina amaqanda ebhokisini labo nokuvala ukudla okunephunga elinamandla ezitsheni ezingangeni moya kungavimbela lokhu.

I-Con: Amaqanda akufanele agcinwe emnyango wefriji

Abantu abaningi bagcina amaqanda abo emnyango wabo wefriji.

Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungababeka ekushintshashintsheni kwezinga lokushisa njalo lapho uvula ifriji yakho, okungakhuthaza ukukhula kwamagciwane futhi kuphazamise ulwelwesi lwamaqanda oluvikelayo ().

Ngakho-ke, ukugcina amaqanda eshalofini eliseduze ngemuva kwesiqandisi sakho kungcono kakhulu.

Con: Amaqanda abandayo kungenzeka angalunge kakhulu ukubhaka

Okokugcina, abanye abapheki bathi amaqanda okushisa ekamelweni angcono kakhulu ekubhakeni. Kanjalo, abanye basikisela ukuthi amaqanda afrijiwe afike ezingeni lokushisa ekamelweni ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.

Uma lokhu kubalulekile kuwe, kuthathwa njengokuphephile ukushiya amaqanda ekamelweni lokushisa kuze kube ngamahora amabili. Noma kunjalo, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi ubapheka ngokushisa okuphephile ().

Isiqandisisi sigcina amaqanda emasha ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kunamaqanda agcinwe ekamelweni lokushisa. Noma kunjalo, kufanele igcinwe kahle ukuvimbela ukunambitheka nezinga lokushisa.

Okubalulekile

Ukuthi ifriji leqanda liyadingeka kuncike endaweni okuyo, ngoba Salmonella ukwelashwa kuyehluka ngezwe.

E-United States, amaqanda amasha, akhiqizelwa ukuthengisa adinga ukufakwa esiqandisini ukunciphisa ubungozi bokudla ubuthi. Kodwa-ke, emazweni amaningi aseYurophu nasemhlabeni jikelele, kuhle ukugcina amaqanda ekamelweni lokushisa amasonto ambalwa.

Uma ungayazi indlela yokugcina engcono kakhulu yamaqanda akho, hlola neziphathimandla zakho zokuphepha kokudla ukuze ubone ukuthi yini okunconywayo.

Uma ungaqiniseki, isiqandisi siyindlela ephephe kunazo zonke ongayenza.