Ukudakwa: izinhlobo, izimpawu nokwelashwa
-Delile
Ukudakwa yisethi yezimpawu nezimpawu ezivela ekuvezweni amakhemikhali anobuthi emzimbeni, njengemithi yokudlula ngokweqile, ukulunywa isilwane okunoshevu, izinsimbi ezisindayo njenge-lead ne-mercury, noma ukuvezwa kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane kanye ne-pesticides.
Ukudakwa uhlobo lobuthi futhi, ngakho-ke, kungadala ukusabela kwendawo, njengokubomvu nobuhlungu esikhunjeni, noma ukusabela okujwayelekile, njengokuhlanza, umkhuhlane, ukujuluka okukhulu, ukuxhuzula, ikhoma futhi, nengozi yokufa. Ngakho-ke, lapho kukhona izimpawu nezimpawu ezingaholela ekusolweni kwale nkinga, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuya egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha, ukuze ukwelashwa kwenziwe, ngokuhlanza esiswini, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa noma imishanguzo, ebekwe yi udokotela.
Izinhlobo zobuthi
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zobuthi, njenge:
- Ukudakwa ngokweqile: kwenzeka lapho into edakayo isendaweni, ekwazi ukungcolisa ngokungenisa, ukuxhumana nesikhumba noma ukuhogela umoya. Okuvame kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ngemithamo ephezulu, njenge-anti-depressants, analgesics, anticonvulsants noma i-anxiolytics, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni, ukulunywa kwezilwane ezinobuthi, njengenyoka noma ufezela, ukuphuza ngokweqile utshwala noma ukuhogela amakhemikhali, ngokwesibonelo;
- Ukudakwa okungapheli: kubangelwa ukuqoqwa kwezinto eziyingozi ezivezwa ngumzimba uqobo, njenge-urea, kepha ezivame ukuqedwa ngesenzo sesibindi nokuhlunga izinso, futhi kunganqwabelana lapho lezi zitho zishoda.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudakwa kungaba kubi kakhulu, lapho kubangela izimpawu nezimpawu ngemuva kokuthintana okukodwa naleyo nto, noma okungamahlalakhona, lapho izimpawu zayo zizwakala ngemuva kokuqongelelwa kwento emzimbeni, idliwe isikhathi eside, njengasendabeni ukudakwa yizidakamizwa ezifana ne-Digoxin ne-Amplicil, ngokwesibonelo, noma ngezinsimbi, njenge-lead ne-mercury.
I-Gastroenteritis, eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-poisoning yokudla, yenzeka ngenxa yokuba khona kwama-microorganisms, njengama-virus namagciwane, noma ubuthi bawo, ekudleni, ikakhulukazi lapho kungalondolozwa kahle, kubangela isicanucanu, ukuhlanza nokuhuda. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalesi simo, bona ukuthi ungabona kanjani futhi ulaphe ukudla okunoshevu.
Izimpawu eziyinhloko
Njengoba kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinto ezinobuthi, kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimpawu nezimpawu ezingakhombisa ukudakwa, kanti ezinye zazo eziyinhloko yilezi:
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okuhamba kancane;
- Khulisa noma wehlise umfutho wegazi;
- Khulisa noma wehlise ubukhulu bomfundi;
- Umjuluko omkhulu;
- Ububomvu noma amanxeba esikhumba;
- Izinguquko ezibonakalayo, njengokufiphaza, ukungabi namandla noma ukuba mnyama;
- Ukuphefumula okufishane;
- Ukuhlanza;
- Uhudo;
- Ubuhlungu besisu;
- Ubuthakathaka;
- I-hallucination ne-delirium;
- Ukugcinwa komchamo noma ukungcola;
- Ukuhamba kancane nobunzima bokwenza ukunyakaza.
Ngakho-ke, uhlobo, umfutho kanye nenani lezimpawu zokudakwa kuyahluka ngohlobo lwento enobuthi efakiwe, inani nesimo somuntu omfakile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane nasebekhulile bazwela kakhulu kubuthi.
Usizo lokuqala lokufaka ushevu
Izinyathelo zosizo lokuqala ezizothathwa uma udakiwe zifaka:
- Shayela i-SAMU 192 ngokushesha, ukucela usizo bese uya e-Anti-Poison Information Center (CIAVE), ngale nombolo 0800 284 4343, ukuthola ukuholwa kubachwepheshe ngenkathi usizo lwezokwelapha lufika;
- Susa i-ejenti enobuthi, ukugeza ngamanzi uma kuthintana nesikhumba, noma ukuguqula imvelo uma kuhogelwe;
- Gcina isisulu sime eceleni, uma kwenzeka uquleka;
- Sesha imininingwane ngento edale ubuthi, uma kungenzeka, njengokuhlola ibhokisi lomuthi, iziqukathi zemikhiqizo noma ukutholakala kwezilwane ezinobuthi eduze, ukusiza ukwazisa ithimba lezokwelapha.
Gwema ukuphuza iziphuzo noma ukudala ukuhlanza, ikakhulukazi uma into oyifakile ingaziwa, i-asidi noma ibola, ngoba lokhu kungadala imiphumela yento esesigayweni sokugaya ukudla. Ukuthola kabanzi ngokufanele ukwenze uma udakiwe noma ubuthi, hlola usizo lokuqala lokuthola ubuthi.
Yelashwa kanjani
Ukwelashwa kokudakwa kuyahluka ngokuya ngesizathu saso nesimo somtholampilo womuntu, futhi kungaqalwa ku-ambulensi noma lapho ufika egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo, yithimba lezokwelapha, futhi kubandakanya:
- Ukuhlolwa kwezimpawu ezibalulekile, njengokucindezela, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kanye ne-oxygenation yegazi, nokuqina, nge-hydration noma ukusetshenziswa kwe-oxygen, ngokwesibonelo, uma kunesidingo;
- Thola izimbangela zokudakwa, ngokuhlaziywa komlando womtholampilo wesisulu, izimpawu nokuhlolwa komzimba;
- Ukuqeda ukungcola, okuhlose ukunciphisa ukuvezwa komzimba entweni enobuthi, ngezinyathelo ezifana nokuhlanzwa kwesisu, ngokunisela usawoti ngepayipi le-nasogastric, ukuphathwa kwamalahle acushiwe emgudwini wokugaya ukudla ukumunca i-ejenti enobuthi, noma ukuhlanzwa kwamathumbu ., Ngama-laxatives, njenge-mannitol;
- Sebenzisa i-antidote, uma ikhona, okungacaciswa uhlobo ngalunye lwezinto. Amanye ama-antidotes asetshenziswa kakhulu yilena:
| Ikhambi | Isidakamizwa esidakisayo |
| I-Acetylcysteine | I-Paracetamol |
| I-Atropine | Ama-insecticide we-Organophosphate ne-carbamate, afana noChumbinho; |
| I-Methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka | Izinto ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-methemoglobinizers, ezivimbela ukuphefumula kwegazi, njengama-nitrate, i-exhaust gases, i-naphthalene neminye imithi, njenge-chloroquine ne-lidocaine, ngokwesibonelo; |
| I-BAL noma i-dimercaprol | Ezinye izinsimbi ezisindayo, njenge-arsenic negolide; |
| I-EDTA-calcium | Ezinye izinsimbi ezisindayo, njenge-lead; |
| I-Flumazenil | Izixazululo zeBenzodiazepine, njengeDiazepam noma iClonazepam, isibonelo; |
| I-Naloxone | Ama-analgesics e-opioid, njenge-Morphine noma i-Codeine, ngokwesibonelo |
I-anti-scorpion, anti-acid noma i-anti-arachnid serum | Ufezela onobuthi, inyoka noma isicabucabu; |
| Uvithamini K | Ama-pesticides noma ama-anticoagulant drug, njenge-warfarin. |
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugwema noma yiluphi uhlobo lokudakwa, kubalulekile ukunaka imikhiqizo ehlangana nsuku zonke, ikakhulukazi abantu abasebenza ngemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, njengasemafemini noma emasimini, kanye nokusetshenziswa okokusebenza kokuvikela kubalulekile.
Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele futhi kunikezwe ezinganeni, ezinethuba elikhulu lokuthintana noma lokungeniswa ngengozi kwemikhiqizo edakayo kanye nezingozi zasekhaya ezihluphekayo. Futhi, hlola ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo zosizo lokuqala zezinye izingozi ezivamile zasekhaya.
Imibhalo Emisha
Ukusikeka nokubhoboza amanxeba
