Izigaba Zokuwohloka Komqondo

-Delile

• Izinhlobo zokuwohloka komqondo
• Isifo i-Alzheimer's
• Ukuwohloka komqondo ngemizimba yeLeyy
• Ukuwohloka komqondo ngemithambo yegazi
• Isifo sikaParkinson
• Ukuwohloka komqondo kwangaphambili
• Ukuwohloka komqondo okuxubile
• Kutholakala kanjani ukuwohloka komqondo?
• Ukuhlolwa kombuso omncane (MMSE)
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Mini-Cog
• Isilinganiso se-Clinical dementia (CDR)
• Ziyini izigaba zokuwohloka komqondo?
• Ukukhubazeka okuncane kwengqondo (MCI)
• Ukuwohloka komqondo okuncane
• Ukuwohloka komqondo okulingene
• Ukuwohloka komqondo okukhulu
• Uyini umbono wabantu abanokuwohloka komqondo?

Kuyini ukuwohloka komqondo?

Ukuwohloka komqondo kubhekisele esigabeni sezifo esidala ukulahleka kwememori nokuwohloka kweminye imisebenzi yengqondo. Ukuwohloka komqondo kwenzeka ngenxa yezinguquko zomzimba ebuchosheni futhi kuyisifo esiqhubekayo, okusho ukuthi siya ngokuba sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kwabanye abantu, ukuwohloka komqondo kuqhubeka ngokushesha, kuyilapho kuthatha iminyaka ukufinyelela ezingeni eliphakeme kwabanye. Ukudlondlobala kokuwohloka komqondo kuncike kakhulu embangela eyimbangela yokuwohloka komqondo. Ngenkathi abantu bezwa izigaba zokuwohloka komqondo ngokuhlukile, iningi labantu abanesifo sokuwohloka komqondo lihlanganyela ezinye zezimpawu.

Izinhlobo zokuwohloka komqondo

Izimpawu nokukhula kwesifo kuncike ohlotsheni lokuwohloka komqondo umuntu anakho. Ezinye zezindlela ezivame ukutholakala zokuwohloka komqondo yilezi:

Isifo i-Alzheimer's

Isifo i-Alzheimer siyindlela ejwayelekile yokuwohloka komqondo. Ibala amaphesenti angama-60 kuye kwangama-80 wamacala. Ngokuvamile kuyisifo esikhula kancane. Umuntu ojwayelekile uphila eminyakeni emine kuya kweyisishiyagalombili ngemuva kokuthola ukuxilongwa. Abanye abantu bangaphila iminyaka engaba ngu-20 ngemuva kokutholakala kwabo.

I-Alzheimer yenzeka ngenxa yezinguquko zomzimba ebuchosheni, kufaka phakathi inqwaba yamaprotheni athile kanye nokulimala kwemizwa.

Ukuwohloka komqondo ngemizimba yeLeyy

Ukuwohloka komqondo ngemizimba kaLeyy kuyindlela yokuwohloka komqondo okwenzeka ngenxa yokuqubuka kweprotheni ku-cortex. Ngaphezu kokulahleka kwememori nokudideka, ukuwohloka komqondo ngemizimba yeLewy nakho kungadala:

• ukuphazamiseka kokulala
• ukusangana
• ukungalingani
• obunye ubunzima bokuhamba

Ukuwohloka komqondo ngemithambo yegazi

I-Vascular dementia, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-post-stroke noma i-multi-infarct dementia, ibalelwa kumaphesenti ayi-10 azo zonke izimo zokuwohloka komqondo. Kubangelwa yimithambo yegazi evinjiwe. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokushaywa unhlangothi nokunye ukulimala ebuchosheni.

Isifo sikaParkinson

Isifo sikaParkinson yisimo se-neurodegenerative esingaveza ukuwohloka komqondo okufana ne-Alzheimer ngezigaba zayo zakamuva. Lesi sifo sivame ukuholela ezinkingeni zokuhamba nokunyakaza kwezimoto, kepha futhi singadala ukuwohloka komqondo kwabanye abantu.

Ukuwohloka komqondo kwangaphambili

Ukuwohloka komqondo kwangaphambili kubhekisa eqenjini lokuwohloka komqondo okuvame ukudala ushintsho ebuntwini nasekuziphatheni. Kungadala nobunzima bolimi. Ukuwohloka komqondo kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kuyenzeka ngenxa yezimo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi isifo sikaPick nesifo se-supranuclear esithuthukayo.

Ukuwohloka komqondo okuxubile

Ukuwohloka komqondo okuxubile kungukuwohloka komqondo lapho kunezinhlobo eziningi zokungajwayelekile ebuchosheni obangela ukuwohloka komqondo. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ukuwohloka komqondo kwe-Alzheimer ne-vascular, kodwa kungafaka nezinye izinhlobo zokuwohloka komqondo futhi.

Kutholakala kanjani ukuwohloka komqondo?

Asikho isivivinyo esisodwa esinganquma ukuthi unayo yini ukuwohloka komqondo. Ukuxilongwa kusekelwe ohlolweni lwezivivinyo zezokwelapha nomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Uma ukhombisa izimpawu zokuwohloka komqondo udokotela wakho azokwenza:

• ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba
• ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa
• ukuhlolwa kwesimo sengqondo
• ezinye izivivinyo zaselebhu ukukhipha ezinye izimbangela zezimpawu zakho

Akukhona konke ukudideka nokulahleka kwememori okukhombisa ukuwohloka komqondo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhipha ezinye izimo, njengokuhlangana kwezidakamizwa nezinkinga ze-thyroid.

Ezinye izivivinyo ezivamile ezisetshenziselwa ukuxilonga ukuwohloka komqondo zifaka:

Ukuhlolwa kombuso omncane (MMSE)

I-MMSE uhlu lwemibuzo lokulinganisa ukukhubazeka kwengqondo. I-MMSE isebenzisa isikali samaphoyinti angama-30 futhi ifaka phakathi imibuzo evivinya inkumbulo, ukusetshenziswa kolimi nokuqonda, namakhono emoto, phakathi kwezinye izinto. Amaphuzu angama-24 noma ngaphezulu akhombisa umsebenzi ojwayelekile wokuqonda. Ngenkathi amaphuzu angama-23 nangaphansi akhombisa ukuthi unezinga elithile lokukhubazeka kwengqondo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Mini-Cog

Lesi isivivinyo esifushane sokusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi ahlole ukuwohloka komqondo. Kufaka lezi zinyathelo ezintathu:

1. Bazobiza amagama amathathu bese bekucela ukuthi uwaphinde.
2. Bazokucela ukuthi udwebe iwashi.
3. Bazokucela ukuthi uphinde amagama emuva esinyathelweni sokuqala.

Isilinganiso se-Clinical dementia (CDR)

Uma udokotela wakho ekuxilonga enesifo sokuwohloka komqondo, nabo bazokwabela isikolo se-CDR. Lesi sikolo sincike ekusebenzeni kwakho kulezi zivivinyo nakwezinye, kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Izikolo zimi kanje:

• Amaphuzu angu-0 ajwayelekile.
• Amaphuzu ka-0.5 ukuwohloka komqondo okuncane kakhulu.
• Amaphuzu angu-1 ukuwohloka komqondo okuncane.
• Amaphuzu amabili ukuwohloka komqondo okulingene.
• Amaphuzu amathathu ukuwohloka komqondo okunzima.

Ziyini izigaba zokuwohloka komqondo?

Ukuwohloka komqondo kuqhubeka ngokuhlukile kuwo wonke umuntu. Abantu abaningi bazohlangabezana nezimpawu ezihambisana nezigaba ezilandelayo zesifo i-Alzheimer's:

Ukukhubazeka okuncane kwengqondo (MCI)

I-MCI yisimo esingathinta abantu asebekhulile. Abanye balaba bantu bazoqhubeka nokuthuthukisa isifo i-Alzheimer's. I-MCI ibonakala ngokulahlekelwa izinto kaningi, ukukhohlwa, nokuba nenkinga yokuqhamuka namagama.

Ukuwohloka komqondo okuncane

Abantu basengakwazi ukusebenza ngokuzimela ekuwohlokeni komqondo okuncane. Kodwa-ke, bazohlangabezana nokuphelelwa yimemori okuthinta impilo yansuku zonke, njengokukhohlwa amagama noma lapho izinto zikhona. Izimpawu ezivamile zokuwohloka komqondo zihlanganisa:

• ukulahleka kwememori kwezehlakalo zakamuva
• izinguquko zobuntu, njengokuncipha kakhulu noma ukuhoxa
• ukulahleka noma ukubeka endaweni engafanele
• ubunzima bokuxazulula izinkinga nemisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi, njengokuphatha izimali
• Inkinga yokuhlela noma yokuveza imicabango

Ukuwohloka komqondo okulingene

Abantu abanenkinga yokuwohloka komqondo ngokulingene bazodinga usizo olwengeziwe ezimpilweni zabo zansuku zonke. Kuba nzima ukwenza imisebenzi ejwayelekile yansuku zonke nokuzinakekela njengoba ukuwohloka komqondo kuqhubeka. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ngalesi sigaba zifaka:

• ukudideka okwandayo noma ukwahlulela kabi
• ukulahleka kwememori okukhulu, kufaka phakathi ukulahleka kwemicimbi esikhathini esedlule kakhulu
• ukudinga usizo emisebenzini, njengokugqoka, ukugeza nokuzilungisa
• izinguquko eziphawulekayo zobuntu nokuziphatha, okuvame ukubangelwa ukuyaluza nokusola okungenasisekelo
• izinguquko emaphethini wokulala, njengokulala emini nokuzizwa ungaphumuli ebusuku

Ukuwohloka komqondo okukhulu

Abantu bazobhekana nokwehla ngokwengeziwe kwengqondo kanye nokuwohloka kwamakhono omzimba uma isifo siqhubekela eqophelweni lokuwohloka komqondo okunzima. Ukuwohloka komqondo ngokweqile kaningi kungadala:

• ukulahlekelwa amandla okukhulumisana
• isidingo sosizo lwesikhathi esigcwele sansuku zonke ngemisebenzi, njengokudla nokugqoka
• ukulahlekelwa amandla omzimba, njengokuhamba, ukuhlala, nokubamba ikhanda phezulu futhi, ekugcineni, amandla okugwinya, ukulawula isinye, nokusebenza kwamathumbu
• ukwanda kokungenwa kalula yizifo, njenge-pneumonia

Uyini umbono wabantu abanokuwohloka komqondo?

Abantu abanokuwohloka komqondo bazodlulela kulezi zigaba ngejubane elihlukile nangezimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Uma usola ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi unezimpawu zokuqala zokuwohloka komqondo, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Yize lungekho ikhambi elitholakalayo lokwelashwa komqondo i-Alzheimer kanye nokunye, ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kungasiza abantu nemindeni yabo ukuthi benze izinhlelo zekusasa. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi nakho kuvumela abantu ukuthi babambe iqhaza ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa. Lokhu kusiza abacwaningi ukuthi bakhe izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha futhi ekugcineni bathole ikhambi.