Kufingqa i-Bummer's

-Delile

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Ngemuva kokuqeda imvula neqhwa, inkathi yomkhuhlane, nezinyanga ezi-oh-eziningi zihlanganiswe endlini, usulungele ukuzijabulisa okushisayo ngesikhathi sasehlobo. Kepha ngaphambi kokuthi ulungele ukubhukuda kwakho kokuqala noma intambo kulolo hambo lokuqala, khumbula ukuthi izinyanga ezishisayo nazo ziletha izingozi eziningi zezempilo kubantu besifazane abasebenzayo. Ngenhlanhla, izikhathi ezimnandi ezilindelwe kakhulu zingaba ngezakho, inqobo nje uma uya ehlobo olungiselelwe. Zonke lezi zitha zezulu elifudumele ziyagwemeka, ngokuvamile ngomzamo omncane. Nakhu ukushaya amazambane ashisayo ehlobo.

Ukuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni

"Ukuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni kuyinkinga eyodwa ebaluleke kunazo zonke yezempilo ehlobo," kusho uChristine Wells, Ph.D., ongusolwazi kwezokuvivinya umzimba e-Arizona State University. "Futhi ukuphuza uketshezi kuwukuphela kwempendulo." Qala ukufaka amanzi ngobusuku bangaphambi kokuba uhlele ukwenza noma yikuphi ukuvivinya umzimba kwangaphandle: okungenani ama-ounces angu-8 ngobusuku bangaphambilini, nezinye izinkomishi ezimbili (ama-ounces angu-16) amahora amabili ngaphambi kokuthi uzivocavoce.

"Izinga lezithukuthuku lingaphindeka kabili endaweni eshisayo nenomswakama, ngakho-ke owesifazane angadinga ukuphuza kabili uma esebenza ngosuku olushisayo," kusho uSusan M. Kleiner, Ph.D., umbhali we Ukudla Amandla (I-Human Kinetics, 1998). Lokho kusho ukubeka okungenani izinkomishi eziyi-18 zoketshezi ngosuku, esikhundleni sesimo sezulu esipholile sezinkomishi eziyi-9. Ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca kwakho, vuselela ngama-ounces angu-4-8 njalo ngemizuzu engu-20. Futhi lapho ubuyela ekhaya, phuza ngokwanele ukufaka esikhundleni sokujuluka kwakho - uma ulahlekelwa isisindo samakhilogremu wamanzi ngesikhathi sokugijima, ufake ipayinti lamanzi esikhundleni salo.

Amaphilisi kasawoti awasebenzi, kusho u-Wells. Kodwa ukuze usebenze kanzima isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora, uzodinga ama-electrolyte, usawoti osiza umzimba wakho ukuthi ugcine uketshezi. “Zonke iziphuzo zezemidlalo zinama-electrolyte,” usho kanje. "Phuza okuthanda kakhulu kuwe."

Ukukhathala kokushisa

Ukwehla kwamanzi emzimbeni ngokweqile kuholela ekukhathaleni kokushisa, isifo esivamile kubo bobabili abagijimi abancintisanayo kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba njalo. Uma uzivocavoca ngosuku olushisayo bese uqala ukuzizwa uphathwa yikhanda, ucanuzelelwa inhliziyo, futhi / noma u-woozy omncane, sengathi ume ngejubane, ima ngokushesha, uphumule emthunzini, uphuze amanzi amaningi. I-wooziness ibangelwa ukwehla komfutho wegazi, okubangelwa igazi liya esikhunjeni -- futhi linganele ukuya kuwo wonke umzimba wakho -- ukuzama ukulawula izinga lokushisa lakho. Ukupholisa umoya nokuphumula kuvumela igazi lakho ukuthi libuye esikhumbeni sakho libuyele ekujikelezeni okujwayelekile, futhi ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwamanzi ngokuphuza kakhulu kugcina ivolumu yegazi lakho lenyuka (okwandisa umfutho wegazi lakho, ulibuyisele kokujwayelekile).

Uma ungazinaki lezi zimpawu, usengozini yokushaywa yi-heatstroke, ukuvalwa okusongela ukuphila kwesistimu yokulawula ukushisa komzimba. "I-heatstroke yenzeka lapho uyeka ukujuluka, uthola amakhaza noma ukuquleka," kusho uWells. "Bese kuba isikhathi esingu-911."

Indlebe yokubhukuda

Lesi sifo esivamile sasehlobo ukutheleleka emseleni wendlebe ongaphandle obangelwa amanzi acebile amabhaktheriya. Kulula ukuxilonga: Izinhlungu zigxile endlebeni engaphandle, futhi uma udonsa ingxenye engaphezulu yendlebe yakho, izoba buhlungu. Indlebe yakho ingase futhi ivuvuke futhi ibe bomvu.

Ukuvimbela kungumuthi ongcono kakhulu osuka phansi, kusho uMichael Beninger, M.D., isikhulu se-otolaryngology esibhedlela iHenry Ford eDetroit. Uma wake waba nendlebe yokubhukuda phambilini, uthambekele ekuyitholweni futhi. “Ngakho yenza ingxube engu-50-50 yokuhlikihla utshwala noviniga omhlophe, bese ufaka amathonsi ambalwa endlebeni ngayinye ngemva kokubhukuda,” kweluleka u-Benninger. Utshwala obugudlukayo buyoma, kanti uviniga one-asidi wenza imvelo enamagciwane. Uma ukutheleleka kubamba noma kunjalo, ukuxubana kotshwala / uviniga kungakususa uma usheshe wakuthola. Kepha maningi amathuba okuthi uzodinga ukuthola imishanguzo kadokotela yama-antibiotic. "Uma kubuhlungu, kudonsa, futhi / noma ukuzwa kwakho kwehlile, thola usizo lwezempilo," kusho uBenninger.

Ukusebenzisa ngokweqile ukulimala

“Ngokushesha nje lapho kufika intwasahlobo, sibona i-tendinitis eyengeziwe, ukuphuka kokucindezeleka, ukudonsa kwemisipha, nokunye ukulimala ngokweqile,” kusho uLewis Maharam, M.D., umongameli wesahluko saseNew York se-American College of Sports Medicine. "Uma ungaqhubekanga nokuzilolonga ebusika, qiniseka ukuthi udlala kalula, ungagxumi." Uma uchitha isikhathi esiningi uzilula futhi uziqeqeshela amandla njengamanje, mancane amathuba okuthi ubekwe eceleni ngokulimala ngoJulayi.

Amabhamuza

Amabhamuza amaningi avela ezicathulweni ezingakulingani kahle noma amasokisi afakwe umjuluko, lapho indwangu emanzi, esindayo igudla isikhumba sakho. "Gqoka amasokisi enziwe [ngezindwangu ezifana ne-] CoolMax noma i-SmartWool," kusho uChristine Wells. "Bangavimbela amabhamuza ngoba awamunci izithukuthuku ezingako."

Uma usunayo iblister, zama iqhinga elisetshenziswa ngabagijimi bebanga: Goop Vaseline endaweni yenkinga, gqoka amasokisi nezicathulo zakho, bese ushaya umgwaqo. Isokisi lakho lingaba li-gooey, kepha iVaseline izonciphisa ukungqubuzana futhi iblister ngeke ikucasule. Uma ibhamuza limnene, iBand-Aid noma isiqeshana sesikhumba se-moles noma isikhumba sesibili (ngaphandle kweVaseline) kufanele sikuvikele ngokwanele ukuze uqhubeke nokugijima, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili noma ukuhamba izintaba.

Uma ifomu le-blister, melana nesifiso sokuyivelisa. "Lokho uketshezi olujwayelekile lomzimba ngaphakathi, futhi uma uluphuphuma, maningi amathuba okuthi litheleleke," kusho uJohn Wolf, M.D., usihlalo wesikhumba esikhungweni semithi eBaylor College of Medicine. Uma izivelela yodwa, yigcine ihlanzekile futhi ugcobe ukhilimu wama-antibiotic. Uma ukutheleleka kwenzeka, fika kudokotela ngokushesha: Ngenxa yokuthi asusa indawo enkulu yesikhumba esivikelayo, amabhamuza asengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo ezimbi kunemicu emincane nemihuzuko; uma ibhamuza litheleleka, bonana nodokotela ngokushesha.

I-punch yezitshalo: i-poison ivy, i-oki ne-sumac

Izitha kwabahamba ngezinyawo nabahamba ngamabhayisikili ezintabeni, lezi zitshalo zibanga ukuqubuka okubi okungahlala amasonto amabili. Ziyachuma ngesikhathi sasehlobo, zikhula cishe yonke indawo eMelika ngaphandle kweHawaii, iNevada ne-Alaska (ubuthi obunobuthi abukhuli eCalifornia, kanti i-sumac itholakala kuphela emazweni aseMpumalanga). Ngoba ziyahlukahluka ngosayizi nombala kuya ngokuthi zikhula kuphi ezweni, i-oak enobuthi ne-ivy kungaba nzima ukukubona. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukugwema noma yisiphi isihlahlana noma umvini onamaqabunga amathathu esiqwini esisodwa. (Khumbula isaha elidala, "Amaqabunga amathathu, mawayeke.") I-sumac enobuthi ibhanqiwe, amaqabunga acijile, ngezinye izikhathi namajikijolo amhlophe ngokuluhlaza. Ukhilimu omusha we-over-the-counter obizwa ngokuthi i-IvyBlock usiza ekugcineni amafutha esitshalo ukuthi angamuncwa isikhumba, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukuzama uma wazi ukuthi uzoba seduze nalezi zitshalo.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi uthinte i-oki, i-ivy noma i-sumac, ungathinti ubuso bakho, ezinye izitho zomzimba noma abanye abantu ngoba ungasabalalisa amafutha ezitshalo abangela ukuqubuka. Hamba uye ekhaya futhi ukhuhle zonke izindawo ezivulekile ngensipho namanzi afudumele; bese ugeza izingubo zakho. Uma uba nokuqubuka okulumayo, ziphathe ngokucindezela okupholile, okumanzi kanye nokhilimu we-hydrocortisone otholakala ngaphandle kwekhawunta ukuze ulwe nokuvuvukala nokuluma. "Uma kuyisimo esibalulekile -- lapho ukuqubuka kusakazeke emzimbeni wakho omkhulu, ikakhulukazi ebusweni noma eduze kwamehlo akho, bonana nodokotela," kusho uWolf. "Ungahle udinge i-cortisone yomlomo."

Izilonda ezibandayo/amabhamuza omkhuhlane

Ukuchayeka elangeni kubangela ukuthi lezi zilonda zomlomo ezincane ziqubuke. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi imisebe ye-UV isabela ngegciwane elibandayo elibuhlungu futhi ibangele ukuthi liphinde lisebenze. Njalo gcina izindebe zakho zigcotshwe ngomuthi wezindebe oqukethe i-sunscreen. Uma uthola ibhamuza elibuhlungu noma lomkhuhlane, qhubeka uligcoba ligcotshwe ngamafutha, bese uzama ukugwema ilanga lize liphele.

Ukushiswa yilanga

KULUNGILE, sonke siyazi ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani, kodwa akwanele kithi ukuthi sisebenzise i-sunscreen: Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabantu abachitha isikhathi bengaphandle ayisebenzisi. Khonamanjalo, i-American Academy of Dermatology ibika ukuthi i-melanoma -- evame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuchayeka elangeni - iyanda kancane, ibiza abantu baseMelika abangaba ngu-7,300 ngo-1999.

Ungalokothi uphumele ngaphandle ngaphandle kwezingubo ezivulekile zemisebe ebanzi (ivimba imisebe ye-UVA ne-UVB) yesikrini okungenani se-SPF 15. "Yisebenzise imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokuba uphume endlini ukuze izobophela esikhunjeni sakho," kusho uWolf. "Futhi uma uzobe ujuluka noma ubhukuda, sebenzisa i-sunscreen emelana namanzi, bese uyifaka kabusha njalo emahoreni amabili." Futhi, khawulela ukuchayeka elangeni ngokushejula ukujima kwangaphandle ngaphambi kuka-10 a.m. noma ngemva kuka-4 p.m., ukuze ugweme imisebe enamandla kakhulu.

Uma unganaki ngokusebenzisa i-sunscreen, ungakwazi ukuvimbela ubuhlungu bokushiswa yilanga uma wenza ngokushesha ngokuthatha i-ibuprofen noma i-aspirin ngokushesha. "Ngoba ukushiswa yilanga kuthatha amahora ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ukukhula ngokugcwele, ungamisa ububomvu nezinhlungu eziningi ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ngokuthatha lezi zinto. Zombili zivimba i-prostaglandin, ikhemikhali eletha ukushiswa yilanga," kusho uWolf. Uncoma futhi ukugeza okupholile -- okungashisi ngoba kuzovutha isikhumba esithukuthele -- okufakwe i-oatmeal, isikhumba esihle esipholile. Futhi uma uba nokushiswa yilanga okukulunywayo futhi kuqala ukuxebuka, uWolf uthi thatha i-Benadryl, ezoqeda ukulunywa.

Umuthi omusha wokugomela Isifo seLyme

Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, amahlathi aminyene ngesivuno esisha semikhaza esencane esinwaya umzimba ofudumele. Futhi uma beyimikhaza yezinyamazane noma imikhaza enemilenze emnyama yasePacific Coast, kungenzeka ukuthi baphethe isifo seLyme. Nakuba singabulali, lesi sifo singakwazi ukuwohloka: Izimpawu, ezihluka kakhulu futhi ezingase zingabonakali kuze kube amasonto ambalwa ngemva kokulunywa, zihlanganisa ukuqhuma okuhlala isikhathi eside "kwe-bull's-eye" (kungaba endaweni yokulunywa noma kwenye indawo), imfiva, ubuhlungu, amakhaza futhi, kubantu abangalashwanga ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili, isifo samathambo esingamahlalakhona. (Kukhona ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuthola uLyme, kepha akuthembekile ngaso sonke isikhathi.)

Izindaba ezimnandi kubantu abahlala ezifundeni zezifo zeLyme (i-East Coast, iMinnesota, iWisconsin nasogwini olusenyakatho neCalifornia) ukwethulwa komuthi wokugoma ngo-1999. Umuthi wokugoma awusebenzi kuze kube yilapho usudutshulwe kathathu - imvamisa esikhathini esingangonyaka, nakuba abanye odokotela bekunikeza ngesimiso sezinyanga eziyisithupha. Okwamanje, gqoka izingubo ezinombala okhanyayo bese uhlola imikhaza emincane, eyindilinga, emnyama ngemuva kokuphuma ngakunye. Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Kwezifo zincoma ukusebenzisa into exosha izinambuzane equkethe i-DEET. (I-DEET iyona kuphela ikhemikhali egcina imikhaza iphumelele, futhi i-CDC ikubheka njengokuphephile kumithamo echazwe ngokufakwa emgodleni wokuxosha.)

Uma uthola umkhaza ogxilile, uwukhiphe ngokucophelela usebenzisa ama-tweezers bese uhlanza isilonda ngesibulala-magciwane. Uma kuvela ukuqubuka, i-antibiotic kufanele ivimbele izimpawu ezimbi kakhulu ukuthi zingakhuli. Uma ubanjwe kusenesikhathi, uzodinga amasonto amathathu kuya kwamane emithi elwa namagciwane ngomlomo njenge-amoxicillin. Uma ubanjwe emasontweni ambalwa kamuva, ungase udinge isibhamu sepenicillin amasonto amane. Ngoba ama-antibiotic awasebenzi kahle uma isifo sesibambile, ungahle udinge omunye umjikelezo wama-antibiotic omlomo noma afakiwe.

Izinsiza

Funda: I-American Red Cross First Aid & Safety Handbook (Little Brown, 1992); FastAct Pocket Umhlahlandlela Wosizo Lokuqala (FastAct, 1999); Umhlahlandlela ophelele we-Idiot ku-First Aid Basics (Izincwadi ze-Alpha, 1996); Ibhuku Langaphandle Lokubopha Ihlane Losizo Lokuqala (ILyons Press, 1998); Umhlahlandlela Wepokhethi WaseMelika Wezokwelapha Wosizo Lokuqala Lwezimo Eziphuthumayo (Indlu engahleliwe, 1993). Vakashela: IWebhusayithi yaseMelika Ebomvu, www.redcross.org, kanye neWebhusayithi yeAmerican Medical Association, www.ama-assn.org/.

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