Isakhiwo se-ADHD noBrain

-Delile

• Ukuqonda i-ADHD
• Ukwakhiwa kobuchopho nokusebenza ku-ADHD
• Ubulili kanye ne-ADHD
• Ukwelashwa kanye Nezinguquko Zendlela Yokuphila
• Imithi
• Izinguquko Zokuphila
• Umbono
• Q:
• A:

Isakhiwo se-ADHD noBrain

I-ADHD yisifo se-neurodevelopmental disorder. Eminyakeni eminingana edlule, kube nobufakazi obukhulayo bokuthi ukwakheka nokusebenza kwengqondo kungahluka phakathi komuntu one-ADHD nomuntu ongenakho ukuphazamiseka. Ukuqonda lokhu kwehluka kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukucwaswa kwesinye isikhathi okuhambisana ne-ADHD.

Ukuqonda i-ADHD

I-ADHD ibonakala ngobunzima ngokunaka futhi, kwezinye izimo, ukungasebenzi kahle ngokweqile. Umuntu one-ADHD angahle abhekane nokushoda kokunaka noma ukungasebenzi kahle ngaphezulu. I-ADHD ivame ukutholakala ngesikhathi sobuntwana, kepha ingakhonjwa futhi okokuqala lapho usumdala. Ezinye izimpawu zifaka:

• ukungabi nokugxila
• ukugembula
• kunzima ukuhlala phansi
• ubuntu obudlulele
• ukukhohlwa
• bekhuluma bephenduka
• izinkinga zokuziphatha
• ukuphuthuma

Isizathu esiqondile se-ADHD asaziwa. Izakhi zofuzo kucatshangwa ukuthi zidlala into enkulu. Kunezinye izinto ezingaba nomthelela, njenge:

• okunomsoco, yize kusaphikiswana ngokuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukuhlangana phakathi kwe-ADHD nokusetshenziswa koshukela, ngokusho kocwaningo olusephephandabeni
• ukulimala ebuchosheni
• ukuvezwa kokuhola
• ukubhema ugwayi notshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Ukwakhiwa kobuchopho nokusebenza ku-ADHD

Ubuchopho isitho somuntu esiyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke. Ngakho-ke, kunengqondo ukuthi ukuqonda ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-ADHD nakho kokubili ukwakheka kobuchopho nokusebenza nakho kuyinkimbinkimbi. Izifundo zicwaninge ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini umehluko wesakhiwo phakathi kwezingane ezine-ADHD nalabo abangenale nkinga. Kusetshenziswa ama-MRIs, isifundo esisodwa sahlola izingane ezine-ADHD nangaphandle kwayo esikhathini esiyiminyaka eyishumi. Bathole ukuthi ubukhulu bobuchopho buhlukile phakathi kwala maqembu womabili. Izingane ezine-ADHD zazinobuchopho obuncane cishe, yize kubalulekile ukuveza ukuthi ubuhlakani abuthintwa usayizi wobuchopho. Abaphenyi baphinde babika ukuthi ukukhula kwengqondo kuyefana nasezinganeni ezine-ADHD noma ezingenayo.

Ucwaningo luphinde lwathola ukuthi izindawo ezithile zobuchopho zincane ezinganeni ezinezimpawu ezinzima ze-ADHD. Lezi zindawo, njengama-lobes angaphambili, zibandakanyeka ku:

• ukulawula umfutho
• ukuvimbela
• umsebenzi wezimoto
• ukuhlushwa

Abaphenyi baphinde babheka umehluko ezintweni ezimhlophe nezimpunga ezinganeni ezine-ADHD nangaphandle kwayo. Indaba emhlophe iqukethe ama-axon, noma imicu yezinzwa. Indaba empunga ungqimba lwangaphandle lobuchopho. Abaphenyi bathola ukuthi abantu abane-ADHD bangaba nezindlela ezahlukahlukene ze-neural ezindaweni zobuchopho ezibandakanyeka ku:

• ukuziphatha ngokuxhamazela
• ukunakwa
• ukuvimbela
• umsebenzi wezimoto

Lezi zindlela ezihlukile zingachaza ngokwengxenye ukuthi kungani abantu abane-ADHD bevame ukuba nezinkinga zokuziphatha nobunzima bokufunda.

Ubulili kanye ne-ADHD

Ijenali yokuphazamiseka kokunakwa ibika ukuthi kungahle kube nokwehluka kobulili ku-ADHD. Ucwaningo oluthile luthole ukuthi ubulili bukhonjiswa emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kokusebenza okulinganisa ukunganaki nokungafisi. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ikhombise ukuthi abafana bavame ukuzwa ukungabi nomdlandla kakhulu kunamantombazane. Kwakungekho mehluko ezimpawu zokunganakwa phakathi kwabafana namantombazane. Ku-flipside, amantombazane ane-ADHD angathola izinkinga ezingaphezulu zangaphakathi, njengokukhathazeka nokudangala, ikakhulukazi njengoba ekhula. Kodwa-ke, umehluko phakathi kobulili ne-ADHD usadinga olunye ucwaningo.

Ukwelashwa kanye Nezinguquko Zendlela Yokuphila

Ukwelashwa kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo ku-ADHD. Kulabo abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-5 ubudala, abancoma ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kuqala. Ukungenelela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kunga:

• ukunciphisa izinkinga zokuziphatha
• thuthukisa amamaki esikole
• usize ngamakhono omphakathi
• vimbela ukwehluleka ekuqedeleni imisebenzi

Ezinganeni ezingaphezulu kweminyaka engu-5, imishanguzo ibhekwa njengolayini wokuqala wokwelashwa kwe-ADHD. Ezinye izindlela zokuphila zingasiza, futhi.

Imithi

Uma kukhulunywa ngokuphathwa kwe-ADHD okusebenzayo, imishanguzo kadokotela iyaqhubeka ibe umugqa wokuqala wokwelashwa kwezingane eziningi. Lokhu kuza ngesimo sezikhuthazi.Yize kungabonakala kungazuzisi ukunikela ngemithi evuselelayo kumuntu osevele engasebenzi kahle, le mithi empeleni inomphumela ohlukile ezigulini ze-ADHD.

Inkinga ngezikhuthazi ukuthi zingaba nemiphumela emibi kwezinye iziguli, njenge:

• ukucasuka
• ukukhathala
• ukuqwasha

Ngokusho kweMcGovern Institute for Brain Research, cishe amaphesenti angama-60 abantu asabela kahle kwisikhuthazi sokuqala abasinikiwe. Uma ungajabule ngemithi evuselelayo, i-nonstimulant kungenye indlela ye-ADHD.

Izinguquko Zokuphila

Izinguquko zokuphila zingasiza futhi ekulawuleni izimpawu ze-ADHD. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ezinganeni ezisakha imikhuba. Ungazama:

• ukunciphisa isikhathi sethelevishini, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sedina nangezinye izikhathi zokuhlushwa
• ukuzibandakanya kwezemidlalo noma kokuzilibazisa
• ukwandisa amakhono okuhlela
• ukuzibekela imigomo nemivuzo etholakalayo
• ukunamathela esimisweni sansuku zonke

Umbono

Njengoba lingekho ikhambi le-ADHD, ukwelashwa kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo. Ukwelashwa kungasiza nezingane ukuthi ziphumelele esikoleni. Yize kunezinselelo ezithile ezivame ukubonwa ebuntwaneni, ezinye izimpawu ziyathuthuka ngokukhula. Eqinisweni, iNational Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) iphawula ukuthi ubuchopho besiguli se-ADHD buyafinyelela esimweni “esijwayelekile”, kodwa kumane kubambezeleke. Futhi, ngaphandle kokwehluka kobulili ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sobuchopho nokusebenza ngaphakathi kwe-ADHD, kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi abesilisa nabesifazane bathola ukwelashwa okufanayo.

Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi uhlelo lwamanje lokwelashwa kwengane yakho lungadinga ukubukeka kwesibili. Ungase futhi ucabangele ukukhuluma nochwepheshe esikoleni somntanakho ukuze uhlole izinsizakalo ezengeziwe zokungezelela. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngokwelashwa okulungile, ingane yakho ingaphila impilo ejwayelekile nejabulisayo.

Q:

Kuyiqiniso yini ukuthi i-ADHD ayaziwa emantombazaneni? Uma kunjalo, kungani?

A:

I-ADHD sekuyisikhathi eside ihlotshaniswa nabafana nokuziphatha okungaxakile. Izimo eziningi ze-ADHD zilethwa ekunakekeleni kothisha ngothisha abaqaphela ukuziphatha kwengane okuphazamisayo ekilasini. Ukuziphatha ngokweqile ngokwemvelo kuyaphazamisa noma kuyinkinga kunokuziphatha okunganaki okuvame ukubonwa emantombazaneni ane-ADHD. Labo abanezimpawu zokunganaki ze-ADHD ngokuvamile abalufuni ukunakwa kothisha babo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, bavame ukungaziwa njengabanenkinga ethile.