Kuyini Ukuphazamiseka Kwemicabango?

-Delile

• Kuyini ukuphazamiseka okusemthethweni?
• Izinhlobo nezimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwenqubo yokucabanga
• I-Alogia
• Ukuvimba
• Isimo sezinto
• Ukuhlangana noma ukuhlangana
• Ukwehliswa
• Inkulumo ephazamisayo
• I-Echolalia
• Ezinye izinhlobo zokuphazamiseka kwemicabango
• Siyazi ukuthi yini ebangela ukuphazamiseka kwemicabango?
• Izici zobungozi bokuphazamiseka kwenqubo yokucabanga
• Ukubonana nodokotela nini
• Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sokucabanga nokuxilongwa
• Isivivinyo se-Rorschach inkblot
• Inkomba Yokuphazamiseka Komcabango
• Ukwelashwa kokucabanga kokuphazamiseka
• Imithi
• Ukwelashwa kwengqondo
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Kuyini ukuphazamiseka okusemthethweni?

Ukucabanga komcabango kuyindlela yokucabanga engahlelekile eholela ezindleleni ezingajwayelekile zokuveza ulimi lapho ukhuluma noma ubhala. Ngenye yezimpawu eziyinhloko ze-schizophrenia, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi ibe khona kwezinye izifo zengqondo ezifana ne-mania nokucindezeleka.

Ukuphazamiseka emcabangweni kungenye yezinkinga zengqondo ezinzima kakhulu ukuxilonga nokwelapha, njengoba abantu abaningi bekhombisa izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwemicabango ngezikhathi ezithile. Abanye abantu bangakhombisa ukuphazamiseka kwemicabango kuphela uma bekhathele.

Kunezinhlayiyana ezingaphezu kwezingama-20 zokuphazamiseka kwemicabango. Kulesi sihloko, sizokwephula izimpawu zezinye izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu. Sizobheka nezindlela zokwelashwa ezingaba khona ukukusiza noma othile omaziyo ukuphatha lesi sifo.

Izinhlobo nezimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwenqubo yokucabanga

Ukucabanga kokucabanga kuqala ukuvela ezincwadini zesayensi ku-, lapho kuchazwa okokuqala njengophawu lwe-schizophrenia. Incazelo yayo evulekile ingukuphazamiseka enhlanganweni nasekucutshungulweni kwemibono.

Uhlobo ngalunye lokuphazamiseka kokucabanga lunezimpawu ezihlukile. Kodwa-ke, ukuphazamiseka ekuxhumaneni kwemibono kutholakala kuzo zonke izinhlobo.

Noma kujwayelekile ukuthi abantu abaningi bakhombise ezinye zezimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwemicabango ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuphazamiseka kwemicabango akuhlukaniswa kuze kube kuthinta kabi ikhono lokuxhumana.

Lezi ngezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokuphazamiseka kwemicabango:

I-Alogia

Abantu abane-alogia, eyaziwa nangokuthi ubumpofu bokukhuluma, banikeza izimpendulo ezimfushane nezingahlanganisiwe emibuzweni. Abantu abanale ndlela yokuphazamiseka kwemicabango abavamisile ukukhuluma ngaphandle kokutshelwa. I-Alogia ivame ukubonakala kubantu abane-dementia noma i-schizophrenia.

Ukuvimba

Abantu abanokuvinjelwa kwemicabango bavame ukuziphazamisa ngokungazelelwe phakathi nesigwebo. Bangama isikhashana imizuzwana noma imizuzu embalwa. Lapho beqala ukukhuluma futhi, bavame ukushintsha isihloko sengxoxo. Ukuvimbela ukucabanga kuvamile kubantu abane-schizophrenia.

Isimo sezinto

Abantu abanesimo esithile, esaziwa nangokuthi ukucabanga kwezimo, noma inkulumo yezimo, bavame ukufaka imininingwane engabalulekile ngokweqile ekukhulumeni noma ekubhaleni kwabo. Bagcina isitimela sabo sokuqala somcabango kepha banikela ngemininingwane eminingi engadingekile ngaphambi kokubuyela emuva ephuzwini labo eliyinhloko.

Ukuhlangana noma ukuhlangana

Umuntu onenqubo yokucabanga eguquguqukayo wenza ukukhetha kwamagama ngokuya ngomsindo wegama kunencazelo yegama. Bangathembela ekusebenziseni imilolotelo, ama-alliterations, noma ama-puns futhi bakhe imisho engenangqondo. Inqubo yokucabanga eguqukayo uphawu olujwayelekile lwe-mania.

Ukwehliswa

Umuntu onenkinga yokukhuluma akhuluma ngamaketanga emibono ehlobene kuphela. Imibono yabo ivame ukuqhubekela phambili phambili esihlokweni sengxoxo. Isibonelo, umuntu onenkinga yokucabanga okhubazekile angahle agxume akhulume ngonogwaja kuya ezinweleni zekhanda lakhe kuye kwijezi lakho.

Inkulumo ephazamisayo

Umuntu onokuphazamiseka kokucabanga kokukhuluma okunenkinga unenkinga yokugcina isihloko. Zishintsha ngokushesha phakathi kwezihloko futhi ziphazanyiswa yisimo sangaphakathi nangaphandle. Kuvame ukubonakala kubantu abane-mania.

Isibonelo, umuntu obonisa inkulumo ephazamisayo angahle abuze ngokungazelelwe ukuthi uyithathephi isigqoko sakho phakathi komusho ngenkathi ekutshela ngeholide yakamuva.

I-Echolalia

Abantu abane-echolalia banzima ukuxhumana. Bavame ukuphinda imisindo namagama abezwayo esikhundleni sokuveza imicabango yabo. Isibonelo, esikhundleni sokuphendula umbuzo, bangawuphinda lowo mbuzo.

Ezinye izinhlobo zokuphazamiseka kwemicabango

I-Johns Hopkins Psychiatry Guide ibala izinhlobo ezingama-20 zokuphazamiseka kwemicabango. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Iphutha le-Paraphasic: ukubiza amagama ngendlela engafanele noma ukushelela kolimi
• Inkulumo emisiwe: ukusebenzisa ulimi olungajwayelekile olusemthethweni ngokweqile noma oluphelelwe yisikhathi
• Ukuphikelela: kuholela ekuphindaphindeni kwemibono namagama
• Ukulahleka kwegoli: unenkinga yokugcina isihloko kanye nokwehluleka ukufika ephuzwini
• I-Neologism: kwakha amagama amasha
• Ukuhlangana: ukukhuluma ngamaqoqo abonakala engahleliwe wamagama, aziwa ngokuthi "isaladi yamagama"

Siyazi ukuthi yini ebangela ukuphazamiseka kwemicabango?

Isizathu sokuphazamiseka kwemicabango asaziwa kahle. Ukucabanga kokucabanga, kepha kuvame ukubonakala kubantu abane-schizophrenia nezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo.

Imbangela ye-schizophrenia nayo ayaziwa, kodwa kucatshangwa ukuthi izici zebhayoloji, zofuzo nezemvelo zonke zinganikela.

Ukucabanga kokucabanga kuchazwa ngokukhululekile futhi izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuthola imbangela eyodwa eyisisekelo. Abaphenyi basaphathelene nokuthi yini engaholela ezimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwemicabango.

Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi kungabangelwa yizinguquko ezingxenyeni ezihlobene nolimi zobuchopho, kanti abanye bacabanga ukuthi kungabangelwa izinkinga ezingxenyeni ezijwayelekile zobuchopho.

Izici zobungozi bokuphazamiseka kwenqubo yokucabanga

Ukucabanga komcabango kungenye yezimpawu ezichazayo ze-schizophrenia kanye ne-psychosis. Abantu banengozi enkulu yokuthola ukuphazamiseka kwemicabango uma nabo:

• ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo
• ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo
• ukudana
• ukulimala okubuhlungu kwengqondo
• ukukhathazeka

Ngokuya ngocwaningo lwango-2005, abantu abanesithuthwane baba nengozi eyengeziwe yokuthola i-schizophrenia ne-psychosis uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abaningi.

Ukulimala kwengqondo okulimazayo kokuthola i-schizophrenia nezinye izifo zengqondo, ezinjengokudangala, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo, nokuphazamiseka kokukhathazeka.

Izici ezilandelayo ezinobungozi zingaba nezici zobungozi be-schizophrenia, futhi ngokwengeza, ukuphazamiseka kwemicabango:

• ukucindezeleka
• ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezishintsha ingqondo
• isifo sokuvuvukala nokuzimela
• ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali anobuthi ngaphambi kokuzalwa

Ukubonana nodokotela nini

Akuvamile ukuthi abantu bakhombise izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwemicabango ngezikhathi ezithile. Kodwa-ke, uma lezi zimpawu zivame noma zinzima ngokwanele ukudala izinkinga zokuxhumana, kuwumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nodokotela.

Ukucabanga kokucabanga kungaba uphawu lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Izinkinga eziningi zengqondo ezifana ne-schizophrenia ziyaqhubeka futhi azithuthuki ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanokuphazamiseka kwengqondo bavame ukungazazi izimpawu zabo futhi badinga usizo lwelungu lomndeni noma lomngani.

Uma ubona noma yiziphi ezinye izimpawu ze-schizophrenia kothile omaziyo, ungafuna ukubakhuthaza ukuthi babone udokotela:

• ukukhohlisa
• ukusangana
• ukucabanga noma inkulumo engahlelekile
• ukungayinaki inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu
• ukungabi nemizwa
• ukungabikhona kobuso
• ukuhoxa empilweni yomphakathi

Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sokucabanga nokuxilongwa

Lapho kutholakala ukuphazamiseka kokucabanga, uchwepheshe wezokwelapha uzobheka ubuhlakani bomuntu, isiko nemfundo yakhe ukuze abone ukuthi ngabe benza ngokungahambisani yini.

Isivivinyo se-Rorschach inkblot

Esokuqala saqanjwa nguHermann Rorschach ngo-1921. Isivivinyo sisebenzisa uchungechunge lwama-inkblots ayi-10 ukukhomba ukuphazamiseka kwemicabango okungaba khona.

Ama-inkblots ayindida futhi isiguli sinikeza ukuhumusha kwawo ngakunye. Isazi sezengqondo esilawulayo bese sihumusha izimpendulo zesiguli ukuze sifune ukucabanga okungase kuphazamiseke.

Inkomba Yokuphazamiseka Komcabango

Ngemuva kokubandakanya isiguli engxoxweni evulekile, uchwepheshe wezokwelapha uzokopisha leyo ngxoxo bese eyishaya esebenzisa inkomba yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

I-Thought Disorder Index, ebizwa nangokuthi i-Delta Index, isivivinyo sokuqala esimisiwe ukukhomba ukuphazamiseka kwemicabango. Kukala ukuphazamiseka kokucabanga okungaba khona futhi kukala ubunzima besisindo ngasinye esikalini kusuka ku-zero kuye kwesinye.

Ukwelashwa kokucabanga kokuphazamiseka

Ukwelashwa kwesifo sokucabanga kuhlose isimo sezempilo esiyisisekelo. Izinhlobo ezimbili zokwelashwa eziyinhloko yimithi nokwelashwa kwengqondo.

Imithi

Imithi elwa ne-antipsychotic ingahle inikezwe ngokuya ngesizathu sokuphazamiseka kwemicabango. Le mithi ingalinganisa i-dopamine chemical dopamine kanye ne-serotonin.

Ukwelashwa kwengqondo

I-Psychotherapy isiza abantu ukufaka imicabango yabo esikhundleni sezinengqondo futhi ibafundise izindlela zokuphatha ukugula.

Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo, uhlobo lwe-psychotherapy, kanye nokwelashwa kokuthuthukisa ukuqonda kungasiza abantu abane-schizophrenia.

Uma usola ukuthi othandekayo unenkinga yokucabanga, bakhuthaze ukuthi bafune usizo lwezokwelapha. Ukwelashwa okungaphatha kahle izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kokucabanga kuyatholakala, futhi udokotela angasiza ekutholeni indlela efanele yokwelashwa ngokuya ngesimo esingaphansi.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ukucabanga komcabango kuyindlela yokucabanga engahlelekile eholela enkulumweni nasekubhaleni okungajwayelekile. Abantu abanenkinga yokucabanga banenkinga yokuxhumana nabanye futhi bangaba nenkinga yokubona ukuthi banenkinga.

Uma usola ukuthi umuntu osondelene nawe unenkinga yokucabanga, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubakhuthaza ukuba babonane nodokotela ngokushesha okukhulu.