Izinhlobo ze-anesthesia: uzosebenzisa nini futhi yiziphi izingozi

-Delile

• 1. I-anesthesia ejwayelekile
• Ziyini izingozi
• 2. I-anesthesia yendawo
• Ziyini izingozi
• 3. I-anesthesia yesifunda
• I-spinal anesthesia
• I-Epidural anesthesia
• I-peripheral nerve block
• I-anesthesia yesifunda efakwa ngaphakathi
• Ziyini izingozi
• 4. Ukuhlalisa izinzwa
• Ziyini izingozi

I-Anesthesia isu elisetshenziswe ngenhloso yokuvimbela ubuhlungu noma yikuphi ukuzwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa noma inqubo ebuhlungu ngokulawulwa kwemithi ngomthambo noma nge-inhalation. I-Anesthesia ivame ukwenziwa ngezinqubo ezihlasela kakhulu noma ezingadala noma yiluphi uhlobo lokungaphatheki kahle noma ubuhlungu esigulini, njengokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo, ukubeletha noma izinqubo zamazinyo, ngokwesibonelo.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-anesthesia, ezithinta uhlelo lwezinzwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ngokuvimba imizwa yezinzwa, ukukhetha kwakho kuzoya ngohlobo lwenqubo yezokwelapha kanye nesimo sempilo yomuntu. Kubalulekile ukuthi udokotela aziswe nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo esingelapheki noma ukungezwani komzimba ukuze kukhonjiswe uhlobo oluhle kakhulu lwe-anesthesia ngaphandle kwengozi. Bona ukuthi yini ukunakekelwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.

1. I-anesthesia ejwayelekile

Ngesikhathi sokubulala izinzwa okuvamile, kunikezwa imithi yokubulala izinzwa ehlalisa umuntu ngokujulile, ukuze ukuhlinzwa okwenziwe, njengokuhlinzwa enhliziyweni, emaphashini noma esiswini, kungabangeli ubuhlungu noma ukungaphatheki kahle.

Izidakamizwa ezisetshenzisiwe zenza umuntu aquleke futhi zidale ukungazweli ebuhlungwini, zikhuthaze ukuphumula kwemisipha futhi zibangele i-amnesia, ukuze konke okwenzekayo ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ukhohlwe yisiguli.

I-anesthetic ingafakwa emthanjeni, ibe nomthelela osheshayo, noma ihogelwe ngesifonyo segesi, ifinyelele egazini emaphashini. Isikhathi somphumela waso siyahlukahluka, kunqunywa ngudokotela obulala izinzwa, onquma inani lomuthi wokubulala izinzwa okufanele unikezwe. Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-anesthesia ejwayelekile.

Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ku-anesthesia jikelele yilezi: i-benzodiazepines, i-narcotic, i-sedatives ne-hypnotics, ama-relaxant emisipha namagesi a-halogenated.

Ziyini izingozi

Yize i-anesthesia iyindlela ephephe kakhulu, ingahle ibe nezingozi ezithile ezihambisanayo ngokuya ngezici ezithile, ezinjengohlobo lokuhlinzwa nesimo somuntu wezempilo. Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukuphathwa ikhanda nokungezwani komzimba nomuthi wokubulala izinzwa.

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, isibonelo, ukuphelelwa umoya, ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo noma ngisho ne-sequelae yezinzwa kungenzeka kubantu abanempilo ebuthakathaka kakhulu ngenxa yokungondleki, izinkinga zenhliziyo, amaphaphu noma izinso, ngokwesibonelo.

Yize kuyivelakancane kakhulu, i-anesthesia ingaba nomthelela oyingxenye, njengokukhipha ukwazi kodwa ukuvumela umuntu ukuthi anyakaze noma umuntu angakwazi ukunyakaza kodwa ezwe imicimbi ebazungezile.

2. I-anesthesia yendawo

I-anesthesia yendawo ibandakanya indawo ethile yomzimba, ayithinti ukwazi futhi imvamisa isetshenziswa ekuhlinzweni okuncane okufana nezinqubo zamazinyo, iso, ikhala noma umphimbo, noma ngokuhlangana nezinye izinzwa, njenge-anesthesia yesifunda noma yokuthomalalisa umzimba.

Lolu hlobo lwe-anesthesia lungasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezimbili, ngokusebenzisa ukhilimu we-anesthetic noma ukufafaza esifundeni esincane sesikhumba noma se-mucosa, noma ngokujova umuthi wokubulala izinzwa ezicutshini ezizobulawa. I-Lidocaine yi-anesthetic yendawo evame kakhulu.

Ziyini izingozi

I-anesthesia yendawo, uma isetshenziswe kahle, iphephile futhi ayinayo imiphumela emibi, noma kunjalo, ngemithamo ephezulu ingaba nemiphumela enobuthi, ethinta inhliziyo nokuphefumula noma ukuyekethisa ukusebenza kobuchopho, ngoba imithamo ephezulu ingafinyelela egazini.

3. I-anesthesia yesifunda

I-anesthesia yesifunda isetshenziswa lapho kunesidingo sokubulala izinzwa kuphela ingxenye yomzimba, efana nengalo noma umlenze, ngokwesibonelo futhi kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-anesthesia yesifunda:

• I-spinal anesthesia

Ku-anesthesia yomgogodla, i-anesthetic yendawo inikezwa ngenaliti enhle, kuketshezi olugeza umgogodla, obizwa nge-cerebrospinal fluid. Kulolu hlobo lwe-anesthesia, i-anesthetic ixubana ne-spinal fluid futhi ixhumana nezinzwa, okuholele ekulahlekelweni umuzwa ezingalweni ezingezansi nasesiswini esingezansi.

• I-Epidural anesthesia

Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-epidural anesthesia, le nqubo ivimba ubuhlungu nokuzwa okuvela esifundeni esisodwa kuphela somzimba, imvamisa kusuka okhalweni kwehle.

Kulolu hlobo lwe-anesthesia, i-anesthetic yendawo inikezwa nge-catheter ebekwe esikhaleni se-epidural ezungeze umsele womgogodla, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwemizwa ezingalweni ezingezansi nasesiswini. Bona okuningi nge-anesthesia ye-epidural nokuthi yenzelwe ini.

• I-peripheral nerve block

Kulolu hlobo lwe-anesthesia yesifunda, i-anesthetic yendawo inikezwa ezungeze izinzwa ezibhekele ukuzwela nokunyakaza kwesitho lapho kuzokwenziwa khona ukuhlinzwa, futhi kunganikezwa izinhlobonhlobo zezivimbela-zinzwa.

Amaqembu ezinzwa, abizwa nge-plexus noma i-ganglion, abangela ubuhlungu esithweni esithile noma esifundeni somzimba, avinjelwe aholele ku-anesthesia yezindawo zomzimba ezinjengobuso, ikhala, ulwanga, intamo, ihlombe, ingalo, phakathi kwabanye .

• I-anesthesia yesifunda efakwa ngaphakathi

I-anesthesia efakwa ngaphakathi kuyindlela lapho i-catheter ibekwa khona emthanjeni wesitho, ukuze kufakwe i-anesthetic yendawo, ngenkathi ibeka i-tourniquet ngaphezulu kwendawo ukuze i-anesthesia ihlale ikhona. Ukuzwela kuyabuyiselwa lapho i-tourniquet isusiwe.

I-anesthesia yesifunda ivame ukusetshenziselwa izinqubo ezilula zokuhlinza njengesikhathi sokubeletha okujwayelekile, ekuhlinzweni okuncane okufana nokuhlinzwa kwabesifazane noma kobuhle noma kwe-orthopedics, isibonelo.

Thola ukuthi i-anesthesia iqeda kanjani izinhlungu zokubeletha.

Ziyini izingozi

Yize kungavamile, imiphumela emibi efana nokujuluka okweqile, ukutheleleka endaweni yomjovo, ubuthi besistimu, izinkinga zenhliziyo namaphaphu, ukugodola, umkhuhlane, ukulimala kwemizwa, ukugcwala kolwelwesi oluvikela umgogodla, obizwa ngokuthi i-dura mater, kungenzeka. paraplegia.

Ukwenza okungahambi kahle kwe-dura mater nakho kungadala ikhanda le-post-spinal anesthesia emahoreni okuqala angama-24 noma kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezinhlanu kamuva. Ezimweni ezinjalo, umuntu uzwa ikhanda uma ehleli noma emi futhi lokho kuthuthukisa imizuzu embalwa ngemuva kokubuyela embhedeni, okungahle kuhlotshaniswe nezinye izimpawu ezifana nesicanucanu, intamo eqinile nokuncipha kokuzwa. Engxenyeni enhle yamacala, leli khanda linyamalala ngokuzenzekelayo kungapheli isonto, kepha futhi kungadingeka ukuqala ukwelashwa okuthile okukhonjiswe ngudokotela obulala izinzwa.

4. Ukuhlalisa izinzwa

I-sedation anesthesia ilawulwa ngemithambo futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa ne-anesthesia yesifunda noma yendawo, ukuze kwandiswe induduzo yomuntu.

Ukuhlala kungaba mnene, lapho umuntu ekhululekile kepha evukile, ekwazi ukuphendula imibuzo evela kudokotela, elinganiselayo lapho umuntu evame ukulala khona ngesikhathi senqubo, kepha angavuka kalula lapho ebuza umbuzo noma ejulile lapho umuntu elele khona kuyo yonke inqubo, ungakhumbuli okwenzekile selokhu kwenziwa i-anesthesia. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi mncane, ulinganisela noma ujulile, lolu hlobo lwe-anesthesia luhambisana ne-oxygen supplementation.

Ziyini izingozi

Yize kungavamile, ukusabela okweqile, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ushintsho kwisigqi senhliziyo, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, i-delirium, ukujuluka nokutheleleka endaweni yokujova.