Umlobi: Randy Alexander
Usuku Lokudalwa: 3 Epreli 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku: 18 Unovemba 2024
Anonim
ITruvada (emtricitabine kanye ne-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) - Nezinye
ITruvada (emtricitabine kanye ne-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) - Nezinye

-Delile

Yini iTruvada?

I-Truvada ngumuthi kadokotela osetshenziswayo ukwelapha ukutheleleka nge-HIV. Iphinde isetshenziselwe ukuvikela ukutheleleka nge-HIV kubantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthola i-HIV. Lokhu kusetshenziswa, lapho ukwelashwa kunikezwa ngaphambi kokuba umuntu achayeke kwi-HIV, kubizwa nge-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

ITruvada iqukethe imishanguzo emibili ephilisi elilodwa: i-emtricitabine ne-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Zombili lezi zidakamizwa zihlukaniswa njenge-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Le yimithi elwa namagciwane, esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukutheleleka okuvela kumagciwane. Le mithi ethile elwa namagciwane ilwa ne-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus).

ITruvada iza njengethebhulethi oyiphuza ngomlomo kanye nsuku zonke.

Ukusebenza ngempumelelo

Ukuthola imininingwane ngokusebenza kweTruvada, bheka isigaba esingezansi se- “Truvada uses”.

I-Truvada ejwayelekile

ITruvada itholakala kuphela njengomuthi wegama lomkhiqizo. Okwamanje ayitholakali ngendlela ejwayelekile.

ITruvada iqukethe izithako ezimbili ezisebenzayo zemithi: i-emtricitabine ne-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.


Imiphumela emibi yeTruvada

ITruvada ingadala imiphumela emibi noma emibi. Uhlu olulandelayo luqukethe eminye yemiphumela emibi engase ivele ngenkathi uthatha iTruvada. Lolu hlu alufaki yonke imiphumela emibi engaba khona.

Ngeminye imininingwane ngemiphumela engemihle yeTruvada, noma amathiphu wokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nemiphumela emibi ekhathazayo, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile yeTruvada ifaka:

  • ukukhathala
  • isicanucanu
  • ukuhlanza
  • isifo sohudo
  • isiyezi
  • izifo zokuphefumula
  • ukutheleleka kwesono
  • ukuqubuka
  • ikhanda
  • ukuqwasha (kunzima ukulala)
  • ubuhlungu bamathambo
  • Umphimbo obuhlungu
  • cholesterol ephezulu

Eminingi yale miphumela emibi ingahle ihambe kungakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa noma amasonto ambalwa. Uma zinzima kakhulu noma zingahambi, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi.

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu

  • Izinkinga zesibindi. Izimpawu zezinkinga zesibindi zingafaka:
    • ubuhlungu noma ukuvuvukala esiswini sakho (esiswini)
    • isicanucanu
    • ukuhlanza
    • ukukhathala
    • ukuphuzi kwesikhumba sakho nokumhlophe kwamehlo akho
  • Ukucindezeleka. Izimpawu zingafaka:
    • ngizizwa ngidabukile noma ngiphansi
    • kunciphise intshisekelo yemisebenzi owake wayijabulela
    • ukulala kakhulu noma okuncane kakhulu
    • ukukhathala noma ukuphelelwa amandla
  • Ukulahleka kwamathambo
  • Izinkinga zezinso *
  • Isifo sokuzivikela komzimba
  • I-Lactic acidosis *
  • Ukuwohloka kokutheleleka kwegciwane le-hepatitis B *

Imininingwane yomphumela oseceleni

Ungase uzibuze ukuthi kaningi kangakanani imiphumela emibi ethile eba khona ngalo muthi. Nayi imininingwane ngemiphumela ethile eseceleni engadalwa yilesi sidakamizwa.


Imiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside

Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kweTruvada kungakhuphula ubungozi bokulahleka kwamathambo nezinkinga zezinso.

Lapho isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-HIV, iTruvada isetshenziswa ngokuhlangana neminye imishanguzo yokulwa namagciwane. Ngokuya ngokuthi yiziphi ezinye izidakamizwa ezithathwa ngeTruvada, eminye imiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside nayo ingavela.

Ukulahleka kwamathambo

ITruvada ingadala ukulahleka kwethambo kubantu abadala, futhi yehlise ukukhula kwamathambo ezinganeni. Yize izimpawu zokuqala zokulahleka kwethambo zingavamile, ezinye izimpawu zingafaka:

  • ukuhlehla kwezinsini
  • amandla okubamba abuthakathaka
  • izinzipho ezibuthakathaka

Uma uthatha iTruvada, udokotela wakho angenza izivivinyo ukubheka ukulahleka kwethambo. Bangaphinde bancome ukuthi uthathe amavithamini e-vitamin D ne-calcium ukusiza ukuvimbela ukulahleka kwethambo.

Ukuthola ukuthi ukulahleka kwamathambo kwenzeka kangaki ezifundweni zomtholampilo, bheka imininingwane kaTruvada echazayo.

Izinkinga zezinso

Kwabanye abantu, iTruvada ingadala noma yenze izinkinga zezinso zibe zimbi kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, ingozi ibonakala iphansi. Ukuthola ukuthi lo mphumela ohlangothini wenzeke kangaki ezifundweni zokwelashwa, bheka imininingwane kaTruvada enquma.


Udokotela wakho uzohlola igazi ukuze ahlole ukusebenza kwezinso zakho ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho neTruvada. Uma izinso zakho zingasebenzi kahle, udokotela wakho angashintsha isilinganiso sakho seTruvada. Uma unezinkinga ezinkulu zezinso, ungahle ungakwazi ukuthatha iTruvada.

Izimpawu zezinkinga zezinso zingafaka:

  • ubuhlungu bamathambo noma imisipha
  • ubuthakathaka
  • ukukhathala
  • isicanucanu
  • ukuhlanza
  • kunciphise ukuphuma komchamo

Uma le miphumela emibi iba khona noma iba mibi, udokotela wakho angancoma ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha iTruvada bese ushintshela kolunye ukwelashwa.

Isifo sokuzivikela komzimba

Ukwelashwa kwe-HIV ngeTruvada noma imishanguzo efanayo kungadala ukuthuthuka okusheshayo ekusebenzeni kwamasosha akho omzimba (alwa nezifo).

Kwezinye izimo, lokhu kungadala ukuthi umzimba wakho uphendule ezifweni oke waba nazo esikhathini esedlule. Lokhu kungenza kubonakale sengathi unokutheleleka okusha, kepha empeleni kumane nje kuyisistimu yomzimba wakho eqinisiwe esabela ekuthelelaneni okudala.

Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi yi-immune reconstitution syndrome. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (i-IRIS), ngoba umzimba wakho uvame ukuphendula ekuthelelekeni ngamazinga aphezulu okuvuvukala.

Izibonelo zokutheleleka "ezingaphinde zivele" ngalesi simo zifaka isifo sofuba, inyumoniya, kanye nezifo zokukhunta. Uma lezi zifo ziphinda zenzeka, udokotela wakho kungenzeka anikeze imishanguzo yama-antibiotic noma ye-antifungal ukuze uzelaphe.

Ukuthola ukuthi le sifo se-immune reconstitution syndrome senzeka kangaki ezifundweni zomtholampilo, bheka imininingwane kaTruvada echazayo. Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ngale mphumela ongaba khona, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi

I-Lactic acidosis

Kunemibiko ethile ye-lactic acidosis kubantu abathatha iTruvada. I-Lactic acidosis iyinqwaba ye-asidi emzimbeni engaba yingozi empilweni. Uma uba nezimpawu ze-lactic acidosis, udokotela wakho angancoma ukumisa ukwelashwa kwakho ngeTruvada.

Izimpawu ze-lactic acidosis zingafaka:

  • amajaqamba
  • ukudideka
  • umoya onuka izithelo
  • ubuthakathaka
  • ukukhathala
  • inkinga yokuphefumula

Ukuthola ukuthi i-lactic acidosis yenzeka kangaki ezifundweni zomtholampilo, bheka imininingwane kaTruvada enquma. Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ngale mphumela ongaba khona, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi.

Ukuwohloka kokutheleleka ngegciwane le-hepatitis B

Ukuwohloka kokutheleleka ngegciwane le-hepatitis B kungenzeka kubantu abane-hepatitis B abayeke ukuthatha iTruvada. Uma une-hepatitis B futhi uyeka ukuthatha iTruvada, udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngezikhathi ezithile ukuhlola isibindi sakho izinyanga ezimbalwa ngemuva kokumisa umuthi.

Izimpawu zokutheleleka kwe-hepatitis B zingabandakanya:

  • ubuhlungu noma ukuvuvukala esiswini sakho
  • isicanucanu
  • ukuhlanza
  • ukukhathala
  • ukuphuzi kwesikhumba sakho nokumhlophe kwamehlo akho

Ukuthola ukuthi kukwanda kangaki kokutheleleka kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B okwenzeka ezifundweni zokwelashwa, bheka imininingwane kaTruvada echazayo. Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ngale mphumela ongaba khona, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi.

Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba

I-Rash ingumphumela ohlangothini ovamile weTruvada. Lo mphumela ohlangothini ungaphela ngokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo komuthi.

Ukuthola ukuthi ukuqhuma kwenzeka kaningi kangakanani ezifundweni zokwelashwa, bheka imininingwane kaTruvada enquma. Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ngale mphumela ongaba khona, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi.

Ukwehla kwesisindo noma ukuzuza

Ukwehla kwesisindo kwenzeke kubantu abathatha iTruvada. Ukuthola ukuthi ukwehla kwesisindo kwenzeka kangaki ezifundweni zomtholampilo, bheka imininingwane kaTruvada echazayo.

Ukuzuza kwesisindo akukabikwa ezifundweni zaseTruvada.

Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka mayelana neminye yale miphumela engemihle, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi.

Umthamo weTruvada

Imininingwane elandelayo ichaza imithamo esetshenziswa kakhulu noma enconywayo. Kodwa-ke, qiniseka ukuthatha isilinganiso udokotela wakho akubekela sona. Udokotela wakho uzonquma isilinganiso esihle kakhulu ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zakho.

Amafomu wezidakamizwa namandla

ITruvada iza njengethebhulethi yomlomo equkethe imishanguzo emibili kupilisi ngalinye: i-emtricitabine ne-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Iza ngamandla amane:

  • 100 mg emtricitabine / 150 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
  • 133 mg emtricitabine / 200 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
  • 167 mg emtricitabine / 250 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
  • 200 mg emtricitabine / 300 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate

Isilinganiso sokwelashwa kwe-HIV

Umthamo weTruvada uncike kwisisindo somuntu. Le yimithamo ejwayelekile:

  • Okwabadala noma izingane ezinesisindo esingu-35 kg (77 lbs) noma ngaphezulu: Ithebhulethi eyodwa, 200 mg emtricitabine / 300 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, ethathwa kanye ngosuku.
  • Ezinganeni ezinesisindo esingama-28 kuye kuma-34 kg (62 kuya ku-75 lb): Ithebhulethi eyodwa, 167 mg emtricitabine / 250 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, ethathwa kanye ngosuku.
  • Ezinganeni ezinesisindo esingu-22 kuya ku-27 kg (48 kuye ku-59 lb): Ithebhulethi eyodwa, 133 mg emtricitabine / 200 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, ethathwa kanye ngosuku.
  • Ezinganeni ezinesisindo esingu-17 kuye ku-21 kg (37 kuye ku-46 lb): Ithebhulethi eyodwa, 100 mg emtricitabine / 150 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, ethathwa kanye ngosuku.

Kubantu abanesifo sezinso: Udokotela wakho angashintsha ukuthi uthatha kangaki iTruvada.

  • Ngesifo sezinso esincane, alukho ushintsho lomthamo oludingekayo.
  • Ngesifo sezinso esilinganiselwe, ungathatha iTruvada njalo ngosuku.
  • Ngokwesifo esibi sezinso, kufaka phakathi uma uku-dialysis, ungahle ungakwazi ukuthatha iTruvada.

Isilinganiso sokuvimbela i-HIV (PrEP)

Kubantu abadala noma intsha enesisindo esingu-35 kg (77 lbs) noma ngaphezulu, ithebhulethi eyodwa ye-200 mg emtricitabine / 300 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate ithathwa kanye ngosuku. (Umkhiqizi akahlinzeki ngomthamo wabantu abanesisindo esingaphansi kwama-35 kg [77 lbs]).

Uma unesifo sezinso, ungahle ungakwazi ukuthatha iTruvada ye-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Kuthiwani uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo? Ingabe kufanele ngithathe umthamo ophindwe kabili?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo, wuthathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula. Kepha uma sekuyisikhathi sedosi yakho elandelayo, vele uthathe lelo thamo elilodwa. Ungawuphindaphindi umthamo ukuze ubambe. Ukuthatha imithamo emibili ngasikhathi sinye kungakhuphula ubungozi bemiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi uthathe ngephutha imithamo emibili noma ngaphezulu ngosuku olulodwa, shayela udokotela wakho. Bangancoma ukwelashwa nganoma yiziphi izimpawu ongahle ube nazo, noma ukwelashwa ukuvimbela imiphumela emibi engenzeki.

Ukuhlola ngaphambi kokuqala iTruvada

Ngaphambi kokuqala iTruvada, udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuthile. Lezi zivivinyo zizohlola:

  • ukutheleleka kwegciwane le-hepatitis B
  • izinkinga zezinso nezesibindi
  • ukutholakala kokutheleleka nge-HIV (kwe-PrEP kuphela)
  • I-HIV namasosha omzimba amaseli egazi (ekwelashweni nge-HIV kuphela)

Udokotela wakho uzokwenza lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi nokunye ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuthatha iTruvada, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ngenkathi welashwa ngomuthi.

UTruvada usebenzisa

Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa (i-FDA) kuvumela imishanguzo kadokotela efana neTruvada ukwelapha izimo ezithile.

ITruvada igunyazwe yi-FDA ekwelapheni ukutheleleka nge-HIV, kanye nokuvikela ukutheleleka nge-HIV kubantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthola i-HIV. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kwesibili, lapho ukwelashwa kunikezwa ngaphambi kokuba umuntu achayeke ngegciwane le-HIV, kubizwa nge-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

ITruvada ye-HIV

ITruvada ivunyelwe ukwelapha ukutheleleka nge-HIV kubantu abadala kanye nasezinganeni. I-HIV yigciwane elenza buthaka amasosha omzimba. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, ukutheleleka nge-HIV kungakhula kube yi-AIDS. Kwezinye izimo, iTruvada ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha abantu abazame ukwelashwa okwehlukile kwe-HIV okungabasebenzelanga.

UTruvada uthathwa njengomuthi "womgogodla". Lokho kusho ukuthi ngesinye sezidakamizwa uhlelo lokulashwa kwe-HIV olususelwe kulo. Eminye imishanguzo ithathwa ihlanganiswe nomuthi womgogodla.

I-Truvada ihlala isetshenziswa kanye nomunye okungenani umuthi owodwa we-antiviral ekwelapheni i-HIV. Izibonelo zemithi elwa namagciwane engasetshenziswa neTruvada ukwelapha i-HIV ifaka phakathi:

  • I-Isentress (raltegravir)
  • I-Tivicay (dolutegravir)
  • I-Evotaz (atazanavir necobicistat)
  • I-Prezcobix (darunavir ne-cobicistat)
  • I-Kaletra (lopinavir ne-ritonavir)
  • I-Prezista (darunavir)
  • I-Reyataz (atazanavir)
  • I-Norvir (ritonavir)

Ukuphumelela ekwelapheni i-HIV

Ngokweziqondiso zokwelashwa, iTruvada, ngokuhlangana nomunye umuthi wama-antiviral, uthathwa njengenketho yokuqala yomuntu oqala ukwelashwa nge-HIV.

Imithi ekhethwa kuqala ye-HIV yimithi elandelayo:

  • isebenza ngempumelelo ekunciphiseni amazinga egciwane
  • unemiphumela emibi embalwa kunezinye izinketho
  • kulula ukuyisebenzisa

Ukuthi iTruvada isebenza kanjani kumuntu ngamunye kuya ngezici eziningi. Lezi zinto zifaka:

  • izici zesifo sabo se-HIV
  • ezinye izimo zezempilo abanazo
  • banamathela eduze kangakanani emithini yabo yokwelashwa

Ngemininingwane yokuthi umuthi usebenza kanjani ezifundweni zomtholampilo, bheka imininingwane kaTruvada enquma.

ITruvada ye-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)

I-Truvada iyona kuphela ukwelashwa okuvunyelwe yi-FDA kwe-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Futhi wukuphela kokwelapha kwe-PrEP okunconywe yiCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

I-Truvada ivunyelwe ukuvimbela i-HIV kubantu abadala nasebusheni abanengozi enkulu yokuthola i-HIV. Abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthola i-HIV kubandakanya labo:

  • ube nomlingani wakho ocansini one-HIV
  • benza ucansi endaweni lapho i-HIV ijwayelekile futhi inezinye izinto eziyingozi, njenge:
    • ukungasebenzisi ikhondomu
    • ukuhlala ejele noma ejele
    • ukuba nomlutha wotshwala noma wezidakamizwa
    • ukuba nesifo esithathelwana ngocansi
    • ukushintshisana ngocansi ngemali, izidakamizwa, ukudla, noma indawo yokuhlala

Ukuphumelela ekuvikeleni i-HIV (PrEP)

I-Truvada iyona kuphela ukwelashwa okuvunyelwe yi-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ye-PrEP. Futhi wukuphela kokwelapha kwe-PrEP okunconywe yiCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Kutholakale kusebenza ngempumelelo ekunciphiseni ubungozi bokutheleleka nge-HIV.

Ngemininingwane yokuthi lesi sidakamizwa sisebenza kanjani ezifundweni zokwelashwa, bheka imininingwane enqunyiwe kaTruvada nalolu cwaningo.

Ukusetshenziswa kweTruvada nezinye izidakamizwa

ITruvada isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukutheleleka nge-HIV. Iphinde isetshenziselwe ukuvikela ukutheleleka nge-HIV kubantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthola i-HIV. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kwesibili kubizwa nge-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Sebenzisa neminye imithi yokwelashwa kwe-HIV

Lapho isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-HIV, iTruvada isetshenziswa ngokuhlangana neminye imishanguzo yokulwa namagciwane.

Ngokweziqondiso zokwelashwa kwe-HIV, iTruvada ihlanganiswe nomunye umuthi olwa namagciwane onjengeTivicay (dolutegravir) noma i-Isentress (raltegravir) ithathwa njengenketho yokuqala lapho kuqala ukwelashwa kwe-HIV. Kwezinye izimo, iTruvada ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha abantu abazame ukwelashwa okwehlukile kwe-HIV okungabasebenzelanga.

Izidakamizwa ezikhethwa kuqala ze-HIV yimithi elandelayo:

  • kusebenza ngempumelelo yokwehlisa amazinga egciwane
  • unemiphumela emibi embalwa kunezinye izinketho
  • kulula ukuyisebenzisa

UTruvada noTivicay

I-Tivicay (dolutegravir) uhlobo lomuthi obizwa nge-HIV integrase inhibitor. I-Tivicay ivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlangana neTruvada ekwelapheni i-HIV.

Ngokweziqondiso zokwelashwa, ukuthatha iTruvada ngeTivicay kuyindlela yokuzikhethela kubantu abaqala ukwelashwa nge-HIV.

ITruvada ne-Isentress

I-Isentress (raltegravir) uhlobo lomuthi obizwa nge-HIV integrase inhibitor. I-Isentress ivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlangana neTruvada ekwelapheni i-HIV.

Ngokweziqondiso zokwelashwa kwe-HIV, ukuthatha iTruvada nge-Isentress kuyindlela yokuqala yokuzikhethela kubantu abaqala ukwelashwa nge-HIV.

ITruvada neKaletra

I-Kaletra iqukethe imishanguzo emibili kuphilisi elilodwa: i-lopinavir ne-ritonavir. Yomibili le mithi equkethwe yiKaletra ihlukaniswa njenge-protease inhibitors.

I-Kaletra kwesinye isikhathi ihlanganiswa neTruvada ukwelapha i-HIV. Yize inhlanganisela isebenza kahle ekwelapheni i-HIV, imihlahlandlela yokwelashwa ayikukhuthazi njengenketho yokuqala kubantu abaningi abaqala ukwelashwa nge-HIV. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi le nhlanganisela inobungozi obukhulu bemiphumela emibi kunezinye izinketho.

Akusetshenziswanga neminye imithi ye-HIV PrEP

I-Truvada isetshenziswa yodwa lapho kunqunyelwe i-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Ayisetshenziswa nezinye izidakamizwa.

ITruvada notshwala

Ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi uthatha iTruvada kungakhuphula ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi, efana nale:

  • isicanucanu
  • ukuhlanza
  • isifo sohudo
  • ikhanda

Ukuphuza kakhulu utshwala nokuthatha iTruvada nakho kungakhuphula ubungozi bezinkinga zesibindi noma zezinso.

Uma uthatha iTruvada, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi ukuphuza utshwala kuphephile yini kuwe.

Ukusebenzisana kweTruvada

ITruvada ingaxhumana neminye imithi eminingana. Ingasebenza futhi nezithasiselo ezithile, kanye nejusi yamagilebhisi.

Ukuxhumana okuhlukile kungadala imiphumela ehlukile. Isibonelo, ezinye zingaphazamisa ukuthi usebenza kanjani umuthi, kanti ezinye zingadala imiphumela emibi eyengeziwe.

Truvada neminye imithi

Ngezansi kunohlu lwemithi engasebenzisana neTruvada. Lolu hlu aluqukethe zonke izidakamizwa ezingasebenzisana neTruvada.

Ngaphambi kokuthatha iTruvada, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela kanye nosokhemisi ngayo yonke imishanguzo kadokotela, i-counter-counter, nezinye izidakamizwa oziphuzayo. Batshele futhi nganoma yimaphi amavithamini, amakhambi, nezithako ozisebenzisayo. Ukwabelana ngalolu lwazi kungakusiza ugweme ukuhlangana okungenzeka.

Uma unemibuzo mayelana nokuhlangana kwezidakamizwa okungakuthinta, buza udokotela wakho noma usokhemisi.

Izidakamizwa ezingasebenzisana neTruvada

Ngezansi kunezibonelo zemithi engasebenzisana neTruvada. Lolu hlu alunazo zonke izidakamizwa ezingasebenzisana neTruvada.

  • Izidakamizwa ezithinta ukusebenza kwezinso. ITruvada isuswa emzimbeni wakho ngezinso zakho. Ukuthatha iTruvada nezinye izidakamizwa ezisuswa izinso zakho, noma izidakamizwa ezingalimaza izinso zakho, kungakhuphula amazinga eTruvada emzimbeni wakho futhi kwandise ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi. Izibonelo zemithi esuswa izinso zakho noma ezingalimaza izinso zakho zifaka:
    • i-acyclovir (Zovirax)
    • i-adefovir (Hepsera)
    • i-aspirin
    • cidofovir
    • i-diclofenac (eCambia, Voltaren, Zorvolex)
    • i-ganciclovir (i-cytovene)
    • i-gentamicin
    • ibuprofen (Motrin)
    • i-naproxen (Aleve)
    • i-valacyclovir (Valtrex)
    • i-valganciclovir (Valcyte)
  • Atazanavir. Ukuthatha iTruvada nge-atazanavir (Reyataz), okungesinye isidakamizwa se-HIV, kungehlisa amazinga e-atazanavir emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kungenza i-atazanavir ingasebenzi kahle.
  • I-Didanosine. Ukuthatha iTruvada nge-didanosine (i-Videx EC) kungakhuphula amazinga e-didanosine emzimbeni wakho futhi kwandise ubungozi bemiphumela emibi ye-didanosine.
  • U-Epclusa. Umuthi owelapha i-hepatitis C, i-Epclusa uqukethe imishanguzo emibili kupilisi elilodwa: i-sofosbuvir ne-velpatasvir. Ukuthatha i-Epclusa ngeTruvada kungakhuphula amazinga omzimba wakho we-tenofovir, enye yezinto zeTruvada. Lokhu kungakhuphula ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi kusuka ku-tenofovir.
  • Harvoni. Umuthi owelapha i-hepatitis C, iHarvoni iqukethe imishanguzo emibili kupilisi elilodwa: i-sofosbuvir ne-ledipasvir. Ukuthatha iHarvoni ngeTruvada kungakhuphula amazinga omzimba wakho we-tenofovir, enye yezinto zeTruvada. Lokhu kungakhuphula ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi kusuka ku-tenofovir.
  • I-Kaletra. I-Kaletra, omunye umuthi we-HIV, uqukethe imishanguzo emibili kupilisi elilodwa: i-lopinavir ne-ritonavir. Ukuthatha iKaletra ngeTruvada kungakhuphula amazinga omzimba wakho we-tenofovir, esinye sezithako zeTruvada. Lokhu kungakhuphula ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi kusuka ku-tenefovir.

I-Truvada ne-grapefruit

Ukuphuza ujusi wamagilebhisi ngenkathi uthatha iTruvada kungakhuphula amazinga omzimba wakho we-tenofovir, esinye sezithako eziseTruvada. Lokhu kungakhuphula ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi kusuka ku-tenofovir. Uma uthatha iTruvada, ungaphuzi ijusi yamagilebhisi.

Akuzange kube nezifundo ngemiphumela yokudla izithelo zomvini ngenkathi uthatha iTruvada. Kodwa-ke, kungaba umqondo omuhle ukugwema ukudla inani elikhulu lamagilebhisi ukuvikela imiphumela emibi engakhuphuka.

Ezinye izindlela zokuya eTruvada

ITruvada iqukethe imishanguzo emibili ephilisi elilodwa: i-emtricitabine ne-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.Le mithi ihlukaniswa njenge-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). ITruvada isetshenziselwa ukwelapha nokuvikela ukutheleleka nge-HIV.

Kuneminye imithi eminingi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-HIV. Ezinye zingakulungela kangcono kunabanye. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngeminye imithi engakusebenzela kahle.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-HIV

Lapho isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-HIV, iTruvada ihlanganiswe neminye imishanguzo yegciwane lengculaza. Izinhlanganisela ezivame kakhulu zeTruvada yiTruvada kanye ne-Isentress (raltegravir), neTruvada kanye neTivicay (dolutegravir). Lokhu kubhekwa njengezinketho zokwelashwa ezikhethwa kuqala kubantu abaqala ukwelashwa nge-HIV.

Izibonelo zezinye izinhlanganisela zemithi ye-HIV ezingakhethwa kuqala ezingasetshenziswa ukwelapha i-HIV zifaka:

  • I-Biktarvy (i-bictegravir, i-emtricitabine, i-tenofovir alafenamide)
  • UGenvoya (elvitegravir, cobicistat, tenofovir alafenamide, emtricitabine)
  • Stribild (elvitegravir, cobicistat, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine)
  • Isentress (raltegravir) kanye I-Descovy (i-tenofovir alafenamide ne-emtricitabine)
  • Isentress (raltegravir) kanye IViread (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) kanye lamivudine
  • UTivicay (dolutegravir) kanye I-Descovy (i-tenofovir alafenamide ne-emtricitabine)
  • UTivicay (dolutegravir) kanye IViread (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) kanye lamivudine
  • I-Triumeq (dolutegravir, abacavir, lamivudine)

Izidakamizwa ezikhethwa kuqala ze-HIV yimithi:

  • ukusiza ukunciphisa amazinga egciwane
  • unemiphumela emibi embalwa kunezinye izinketho
  • kulula ukuyisebenzisa

Kunezinye izinhlanganisela eziningi zezidakamizwa nezidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-HIV ezimweni ezithile, kepha lezi zivamise ukusetshenziswa kuphela uma izinhlanganisela zezidakamizwa zokuqala zingasetshenziswa.

Ezinye izindlela ze-HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)

ITruvada iwukuphela kokwelapha okugunyazwe yi-FDA kwe-PrEP. Futhi wukuphela kokwelapha kwe-PrEP okunconywe yiCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Njengamanje, azikho ezinye izindlela zeTruvada ze-PrEP.

ITruvada vs. Descovy

Ungazibuza ukuthi iTruvada iqhathanisa kanjani neminye imithi enqunyelwe ukusetshenziswa okufanayo. Lapha sibheka ukuthi iTruvada neDescovy bafana kanjani futhi bahlukene kanjani.

Izithako

ITruvada iqukethe imishanguzo emibili ephilisi elilodwa: i-emtricitabine ne-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. IDescovy iqukethe nezidakamizwa ezimbili kupilisi elilodwa: i-emtricitabine ne-tenofovir alafenamide.

Yomibili le mithi iqukethe umuthi i-tenofovir, kodwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. ITruvada iqukethe i-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate kanti iDescovy iqukethe i-tenofovir alafenamide. Le mithi ifana kakhulu, kepha inemiphumela ehluke kancane emzimbeni.

Isebenzisa

I-Truvada ne-Descovy zombili zivunyelwe i-FDA ukwelapha ukutheleleka nge-HIV uma zisetshenziswa zihlangene neminye imishanguzo.

ITruvada nayo ivunyelwe ukuvimbela i-HIV kubantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthola i-HIV. Lokhu kubizwa nge-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Amafomu nokuphathwa

ITruvada neDescovy zombili ziza njengamaphilisi omlomo athathwa kanye nsuku zonke.

Imiphumela emibi kanye nezingozi

ITruvada neDescovy yimithi efanayo kakhulu futhi idala imiphumela emibi efanayo nejwayelene kakhulu.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile

Izibonelo zemiphumela emibi ejwayelekile yeTruvada neDescovy zifaka:

  • isifo sohudo
  • ikhanda
  • ukukhathala
  • izifo zokuphefumula
  • Umphimbo obuhlungu
  • ukuhlanza
  • ukuqubuka

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu

Izibonelo zemiphumela emibi kakhulu eyabiwe nguTruvada noDescovy zifaka:

  • ukulahleka kwamathambo
  • ukulimala kwezinso
  • ukulimala kwesibindi
  • i-lactic acidosis
  • i-immune reconstitution syndrome

Bobabili uTruvada noDescovy banezixwayiso zesibhakela ezivela ku-FDA. Isixwayiso esibhoksi yilona hlobo oluqine kakhulu lwezexwayiso oludingwa yi-FDA. Izexwayiso zithi le mithi ingadala ukwanda kwesifo se-hepatitis B lapho ukusetshenziswa kwemithi kumisiwe.

ITruvada neDescovy zombili zingadala ukulahleka kwethambo nokonakala kwezinso. Kodwa-ke, iDescovy idala ukulahleka kwamathambo okuncane kuneTruvada. IDescovy nayo mancane amathuba okuthi idale ukulimala kwezinso kuneTruvada.

Ukusebenza ngempumelelo

Ukusebenza kukaTruvada noDescovy akukaze kuqhathaniswe ngqo ezifundweni zokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuqhathanisa okungaqondile kubonise ukuthi iTruvada neDescovy bangasebenza ngokulinganayo ekwelapheni i-HIV.

Ngokwemihlahlandlela yokwelashwa, iTruvada noma iDescovy ihlangene nomunye umuthi wama-antiviral, njengeTivicay (dolutegravir) noma i-Isentress (raltegravir), kubhekwa njengezinketho zokuqala lapho kuqala ukwelashwa kwe-HIV.

Izindleko

Izindleko zeTruvada noma iDescovy zingahluka ngokuya ngohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa. Ukuze ubuyekeze amanani angenzeka, vakashela i-GoodRx.com. Inani langempela ozolikhokhela noma yimuphi umuthi lincike kumshuwalense wakho. indawo okuyo, nekhemisi oyisebenzisayo.

Ungayithatha kanjani iTruvada

Kufanele uthathe iTruvada ngokwemiyalo kadokotela wakho.

Isikhathi

I-Truvada kufanele ithathwe kanye nsuku zonke cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo usuku ngalunye.

Ukuthatha iTruvada ngokudla

ITruvada ingathathwa nokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla. Ukuthatha ngokudla kungasiza ukunciphisa noma yikuphi ukucasuka kwesisu okungabangelwa yimithi.

Ngabe iTruvada ingachotshozwa?

Ithebhulethi yomlomo kaTruvada akufanele ichotshozwe. Kumele igwinywe iphelele.

Isebenza kanjani iTruvada

ITruvada iqukethe imishanguzo emibili: i-emtricitabine ne-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Le mithi yizo zombili i-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs).

Le mithi ivimba i-enzyme ebizwa nge-reverse transcriptase ukuthi i-HIV idinga ukuzikopisha yona. Ngokuvimba le enzyme, iTruvada ivimbela igciwane ukuthi lingakhuli futhi lizikopishe. Ngenxa yalokho, amazinga e-HIV emzimbeni wakho aqala ukwehla.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukusebenza?

Imithi equkethwe iTruvada iqala ukusebenza ngokushesha ukunciphisa amazinga egciwane. Kodwa-ke, kungathatha ukwelashwa inyanga eyodwa kuya kweziyisithupha ngaphambi kokuba amazinga akho e-HIV abe phansi ngokwanele ukuthi angabe esabonwa egazini lakho. (Lokhu kuyinjongo yokwelashwa. Uma i-HIV ingasatholakali, ayisadluliselwa komunye umuntu.)

Ukuqapha kweTruvada

Lo muthi unezixwayiso zesibhakela ezivela ku-Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Isexwayiso esibhokisi yisixwayiso esiqine kakhulu esidingwa yi-FDA. Isexwayiso sebhokisi sazisa odokotela neziguli ngemiphumela yezidakamizwa engaba yingozi.

  • Ukuwohloka kwesifo se-hepatitis B (HBV)Ukutheleleka nge-HBV kungaba kubi kubantu abanesifo se-HBV futhi bayeke ukuthatha iTruvada. Uma une-HBV futhi uyeka ukuthatha iTruvada, udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola isibindi sakho ngezikhathi ezithile izinyanga ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuyeka umuthi. Ungadinga ukwelashwa kokutheleleka nge-HBV.
  • Ukumelana neTruvada: I-Truvada akufanele isetshenziselwe i-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) kubantu asebevele bene-HIV ngoba lokhu kungadala ukumelana negciwane ku-Truvada. Ukumelana negciwane kusho ukuthi i-HIV ayisakwazi ukwelashwa ngeTruvada. Uma usebenzisa iTruvada ye-PrEP, udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuthola ukutheleleka nge-HIV ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa futhi okungenani njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho.

Ezinye izindlela zokuzivikela

Ngaphambi kokuthatha iTruvada, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngomlando wakho wezempilo. ITruvada kungenzeka ingakulungeli uma unezimo ezithile zezokwelapha noma ezinye izinto ezithinta impilo yakho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

  • Isifo sezinso: I-Truvada ingaqinisa ukusebenza kwezinso kubantu abanesifo sezinso. Uma unesifo sezinso, kungadingeka ukuthi uthathe iTruvada njalo ngosuku kunokuba uthathe nsuku zonke. Uma unesifo esibi sezinso, ungahle ungakwazi ukuthatha iTruvada.
  • Isifo sesibindi: ITruvada ingadala ukulimala kwesibindi. Uma unesifo sesibindi, iTruvada ingenza isimo sakho sibe sibi kakhulu.
  • Isifo samathambo: ITruvada ingadala ukulahleka kwethambo. Uma unesifo samathambo, njenge-osteoporosis, ungaba nengozi eyengeziwe yokuphuka kwamathambo uma uthatha iTruvada.

Qaphela: Ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngemiphumela emibi engaba khona yeTruvada, bheka isigaba se- "Truvada side effects" ngenhla.

Ukudlula ngokweqile kweTruvada

Ukuthatha kakhulu lo muthi kungandisa ubungozi bemiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Izimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile

Izimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile zingabandakanya:

  • ukucasuka kwesisu
  • isifo sohudo
  • ukuhlanza
  • ukukhathala
  • ikhanda
  • isiyezi
  • izimpawu zokulimala kwezinso, njenge:
    • ubuhlungu bamathambo noma imisipha
    • ubuthakathaka
    • ukukhathala
    • isicanucanu
    • ukuhlanza
    • kunciphise ukuphuma komchamo
  • izimpawu zokulimala kwesibindi, njenge:
    • ubuhlungu noma ukuvuvukala esiswini sakho
    • isicanucanu
    • ukuhlanza
    • ukukhathala
    • ukuphuzi kwesikhumba noma okumhlophe kwamehlo akho

Okufanele ukwenze uma kwenzeka ukweqisa ngokweqile

Uma ucabanga ukuthi uthathe kakhulu lo muthi, shayela udokotela wakho noma funa ukuholwa yi-American Association of Poison Control Centers ku-800-222-1222 noma ngethuluzi labo eliku-inthanethi. Kepha uma izimpawu zakho zinzima, shayela ku-911 noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze ngokushesha.

Truvada nokukhulelwa

Ukuthatha iTruvada phakathi ne-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa akubonakali kwandisa ubungozi bokukhubazeka kokuzalwa. Kodwa-ke, akukho lwazi olutholakalayo ngemiphumela yeTruvada uma ithathwa ngesikhathi samathathu wesibili noma wesithathu, noma uma iTruvada inyusa ubungozi bokukhulelwa kwesisu.

Ezifundweni zezilwane, iTruvada ayizange ibe nemiphumela elimazayo enzalweni. Kodwa-ke, izifundo zezilwane azikhombisi njalo ukuthi abantu bazophendula kanjani.

Uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha iTruvada. Uma ukhulelwa ngenkathi uthatha iTruvada, khuluma nodokotela wakho khona manjalo.

ITruvada nokuncelisa ibele

Izidakamizwa eziqukethwe iTruvada zidluliswa ngobisi lwebele. Omama abathatha iTruvada akufanele bancelise ibele, ngoba ingane enceliswa ibele ingaba nemiphumela engemihle evela eTruvada.

Esinye isizathu sokungancelisi ukuthi i-HIV ingadluliselwa enganeni ngobisi lwebele. E-United States, iCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) incoma ukuthi abesifazane abane-HIV bagweme ukuncelisa ibele.

(I-World Health Organisation isakhuthaza ukunceliswa kwabesifazane abane-HIV emazweni amaningi.)

Imibuzo ejwayelekile yeTruvada

Nazi izimpendulo zemibuzo ebuzwa njalo ngeTruvada.

Ngabe iTruvada ingasibangela isifo sikashukela?

Isifo sikashukela asiwona umthelela oseceleni obikiwe ezifundweni zaseTruvada. Kodwa-ke, isimo sezinso esibizwa nge-nephrogenic diabetes insipidus senzekile kubantu abathatha iTruvada. Ngalesi simo, izinso azisebenzi kahle, futhi umuntu udlulisa inani elikhulu lomchamo. Lokhu kungaholela ekuphelelweni ngamanzi emzimbeni.

Uma unale nkinga futhi iba nzima, udokotela wakho angamisa ukwelashwa kwakho ngeTruvada.

Izimpawu ze-nephrogenic diabetes insipidus zingafaka:

  • isikhumba esomile
  • kwehle inkumbulo
  • isiyezi
  • ukukhathala
  • ikhanda
  • ubuhlungu bemisipha
  • ukuncipha komzimba
  • i-orthostatic hypotension (umfutho wegazi ophansi obangela isizungu lapho umile)

Ngabe iTruvada ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-herpes?

UMnyango Wezempilo kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu e-U.S. Awuyincomi iTruvada ngokuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-herpes kubantu abane-HIV.

Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifundo zomtholampilo zihlolile ukuthi ngabe iTruvada, uma isetshenziselwa i-PrEP, ingakuvikela yini ukutheleleka kwe-herpes. Lezi zifundo, ezingatholakala lapha nalapha, zibe nemiphumela exubile.

Uma unemibuzo mayelana nokusebenzisa iTruvada ukwelapha i-herpes, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi.

Ngingayisebenzisa iTylenol ngenkathi ngithatha iTruvada?

Akukho ukuxhumana okubikiwe phakathi kweTylenol (acetaminophen) neTruvada. Kodwa-ke, ukuthatha imithamo ephezulu yeTylenol kungadala ukulimala kwesibindi. Kwezinye izimo, iTruvada nayo idale ukulimala kwesibindi. Ukuthatha imithamo ephezulu yeTylenol kanye neTruvada kungakhuphula ubungozi bokulimala kwesibindi.

Ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kweTruvada

Lapho iTruvada ikhishwa ekhemisi, usokhemisi uzokwengeza usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwilebula esebhodleleni. Lolu suku luvame unyaka owodwa kusukela ngosuku okwakhishwa ngalo umuthi. Inhloso yalolu suku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza komuthi ngalesi sikhathi.

Isimo samanje se-Food and Drug Administration (i-FDA) ukugwema ukusebenzisa imishanguzo ephelelwe yisikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwe-FDA lukhombise ukuthi imishanguzo eminingi isengaba mihle ngaphambi kosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi okubalulwe ebhodleleni.

Imithi ihlala isikhathi eside kangakanani ingancika ezintweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi ukuthi umuthi ugcinwa kanjani futhi kuphi.I-Truvada kufanele igcinwe esitsheni sokuqala ekamelweni lokushisa, cishe ku-77 ° F (25 ° C).

Uma usebenzise umuthi ongasetshenziswanga osudlulile esikhathini sokuphelelwa yisikhathi, khuluma nosokhemisi wakho mayelana nokuthi usengakwazi yini ukuwusebenzisa.

Ukuzikhulula: Izindaba Zokwelapha Namuhla wenze yonke imizamo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi lonke ulwazi luyiqiniso, luphelele futhi lusesikhathini. Kodwa-ke, le ndatshana akufanele isetshenziswe njengokungena esikhundleni solwazi nobungoti bochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo onelayisense. Kufanele uhlale uthintana nodokotela wakho noma omunye uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngaphambi kokuthatha noma imuphi umuthi. Imininingwane yezidakamizwa equkethwe lapha ingashintsha futhi ayihloselwe ukumboza konke ukusetshenziswa okungaba khona, izinkomba, izixwayiso, izexwayiso, ukuxhumana kwezidakamizwa, ukungezwani komzimba, noma imiphumela emibi. Ukungabikho kwezixwayiso noma olunye ulwazi lomuthi othile awukhombisi ukuthi inhlanganisela yezidakamizwa noma yezidakamizwa iphephile, iyasebenza, noma ilungele zonke iziguli noma konke ukusetshenziswa okuthile.

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