Yini i-bicuspid aortic valve, kungani kwenzeka nokuthi ungayelapha kanjani

-Delile

• Ziyini izimbangela
• Ungayibona kanjani
• Izinkinga ezingenzeka
• Yelashwa kanjani
• Kungenzeka yini ukwenza imisebenzi yomzimba?

I-bicuspid aortic valve iyisifo senhliziyo esizalwe naso, esivela lapho i-aortic valve inamapheshana ama-2, esikhundleni se-3, njengoba kufanele, isimo esivame kakhulu, njengoba sikhona cishe ku-1 kuye ku-2% wabantu.

I-bicuspid aortic valve kungenzeka ingabangeli izimpawu noma yiluphi uhlobo lokushintsha, kepha kwabanye abantu ingaguquguquka ngezinkinga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njenge-aortic stenosis, ukungakwazi ukusebenza kwe-aortic, i-aneurysm noma i-endocarditis ethathelwanayo, engadala isizungu, ukushaya kwenhliziyo noma ukungabi nomoya , Ngokwesibonelo.

Lezi zinkinga zenzeka ngoba i-bicuspid valve ithinteka kakhulu ngokudlula kokugeleza kwegazi, okungaholela ekulimaleni. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ukwelashwa kwenziwe ngokushesha lapho kutholakala khona, ngokuholwa ngudokotela wenhliziyo, ongakhombisa izivivinyo zaminyaka yonke, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi noma ukuhlinzwa ukufaka i-valve.

Ziyini izimbangela

Noma ngubani angazalwa ene-bicuspid aortic valve, njengoba izimbangela zayo ngqo zingakacaciswa. Lesi yisici esenziwe ngesikhathi sokukhula kombungu esibelethweni sikamama, isikhathi lapho kuhlangana khona ama-valve amabili, akha okukodwa. Lokhu kungenzeka kungenxa yezimbangela zofuzo, ezinye izimo ezitholwa njengefa kubazali ziye ezinganeni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-bicuspid aortic valve ingavela yodwa noma ihlotshaniswe nokunye ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo, njengokuqina kanye nokuqina kwe-aorta, ukuphazanyiswa kwe-aortic arch, i-interventricular septal defect, isibonelo.

Inhliziyo iqukethe ama-valve amane, alawula ukuhamba kwegazi ukuze inhliziyo ikwazi ukushaya amaphaphu kanye nawo wonke umzimba, ukuze ilandele indlela eyodwa futhi ingabuyeli kolunye uhlangothi ngesikhathi sokushaya kwenhliziyo, la ma-valve angahle abe nenkinga ngenkathi kwakhiwa lesi sitho. Ukukhubazeka kwamavelu kuyizimbangela eziyinhloko zokububula kwenhliziyo, qonda ukuthi kuyini, izimbangela nokuthi ungayilapha kanjani le nkinga.

Ungayibona kanjani

I-bicuspid aortic valve ingasebenza ngokujwayelekile, hhayi ukuthi iqhubekele phambili esifweni, ngakho-ke ingxenye enkulu yabantu abanalesi sifo abanazo izimpawu. Ngokuvamile, kulezi zimo, udokotela angabona ushintsho ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komzimba okujwayelekile, lapho kuzwakala khona ukukhononda okunomsindo ohambisana nokushaya kwenhliziyo, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-systolic ejection click.

Kodwa-ke, cishe ku-1/3 wamacala, kungenzeka ukuthi i-bicuspid valve ikhombise ushintsho ekusebenzeni kwayo, imvamisa ekubeni mdala, okuguqula ukugeleza kwegazi futhi kungadala izimpawu ezinjenge:

• Ukukhathala;
• Ukuphefumula okufishane;
• Isiyezi;
• Ukubamba;
• Ukuquleka.

Lezi zimpawu zingenzeka ngezinga elikhulu noma elincanyana, ngokuya ngobukhulu benguquko ebangelwe kanye nemithelela yayo ekusebenzeni kwenhliziyo.

Ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwe-bicuspid aortic valve, udokotela wenhliziyo uzocela i-echocardiogram, okuwukuhlolwa okwazi ukukhomba kokubili ukuma kwamagundane enhliziyo nokusebenza kwenhliziyo. Qonda ukuthi i-echocardiogram yenziwa kanjani futhi lapho kudingeka.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka

Izinkinga umuntu one-bicuspid aortic valve angaziveza yilezi:

• I-aortic stenosis;
• Ukungakwazi ukusebenza kwe-aortic;
• Ukunwebeka kwe-aorta noma ukuqaqa isisu;
• I-endocarditis ethathelwanayo.

Yize zivele ezimweni ezimbalwa nje, lezi zinguquko zingenzeka kunoma ngubani onale nkinga, ngoba ukucindezelwa ngomshini ngesikhathi sokudlula kwegazi kukhulu kulabo abane-valve ye-bicuspid. Ithuba lokuba nezinkinga likhulu ngokuhamba kweminyaka, futhi likhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ngokuvamile, umuntu one-bicuspid aortic valve angahola impilo ejwayelekile, ngoba lolu shintsho aluvamisile ukudala izimpawu noma imiphumela emandleni omzimba womuntu. Kulezi zimo, kulandelwa minyaka yonke nodokotela wenhliziyo, ozocela i-echocardiogram, i-X-ray yesifuba, i-ECG, i-holter nezinye izivivinyo ezikwazi ukukhomba izinguquko noma ukuwohloka kwalesi simo, uma zikhona.

Ukwelashwa okucacile kwenziwa ngokuhlinzwa, futhi izinqubo ezibandakanya ukunwebeka, ukulungiswa okungatheni noma ukuhlinzwa okufaka i-valve kungakhonjiswa, okudingeka ukuthi kuhlaziywe ngokuqinile isimo se-valve, izinguquko zayo kanye nokuzibophezela kwayo kunqubo kuyadingeka. , kubaluleke kakhulu ukunquma uhlobo oluhle lokuhlinzwa, okumele lubekwe ngamanye, ngokuhlola ubungozi nezifo umuntu ngamunye anazo.

I-valve ingashintshwa nge-valve yokulungisa noma yokukhipha, ekhonjiswa ngudokotela wenhliziyo nodokotela wenhliziyo. Ukubuyiselwa esimweni kokuhlinzwa kuthatha isikhathi, kudinga isikhathi sokulaliswa cishe amasonto ayi-1 kuye kwayi-2, ngaphezu kokuphumula nokudla okunomsoco. Bheka ukuthi ukubuyiswa kubukeka kanjani ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kabusha kwe-aortic valve.

Kwezinye izimo, udokotela futhi angancoma ukusetshenziswa kwemithi, njengezidakamizwa ezinamandla, i-beta-blockers noma i-ACE inhibitors, noma ama-statins, isibonelo, njengendlela yokunciphisa izimpawu noma ukubambezela ukwanda kwezinguquko zenhliziyo, ukubhema ukuyeka, umfutho wegazi nokulawulwa kwe-cholesterol nakho kuyanconywa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abane-valve ye-bicuspid bangadinga i-antibiotic prophylaxis, besebenzisa ama-antibiotics ngezikhathi ezithile ukuvimbela ukutheleleka ngamagciwane abangela i-endocarditis esithathelwanayo. Qonda ukuthi kuyini nokuthi ungayelapha kanjani i-endocarditis.

Kungenzeka yini ukwenza imisebenzi yomzimba?

Ezimweni eziningi, umuntu one-bicuspid aortic valve angazijwayeza ukwenza imisebenzi yomzimba futhi aphile impilo ejwayelekile, futhi kungahle kube nemikhawulo kuphela ezimweni lapho isiguli siqhubeka nezinkinga, njengokuvuleka noma ukuncipha kwe-valve, noma ngezinguquko ukusebenza kwenhliziyo.

Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi udokotela wokuzivocavoca umzimba ngalolu shintsho enze ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile nezivivinyo ze-cardiologist kanye ne-echocardiogram, ukuze kubhekwe ukusebenza kwe-valve futhi uma kukhona ukuvela kwenye inkinga.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abagijimi abasebenza kahle kakhulu, ngenxa yemizamo ephezulu eyenziwe, bangakhulisa "inhliziyo yomsubathi", lapho umuntu enezinguquko zomzimba eziguqukayo enhliziyweni, lapho kungenzeka khona ukwanda kwesikhala somgogodla nokuqina kwenhliziyo udonga. Lezi zinguquko azivame ukuqhubekela phambili esifweni senhliziyo, futhi zivame ukubuyiselwa emuva ngokumiswa kokuvivinya umzimba. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kubhekwe ngokuqinile kulezi zinguquko ekuhlolweni kwezikhathi ezithile yi-cardiologist.