I-cardiomyopathy evimbelayo

I-cardiomyopathy evinjelwe ibhekisa kusethi yezinguquko ekusebenzeni kwemisipha yenhliziyo. Lezi zinguquko zenza inhliziyo igcwale kabi (ejwayelekile kakhulu) noma icindezele kabi (ingajwayelekile kakhulu). Kwesinye isikhathi, zombili izinkinga zikhona.

Endabeni ye-cardiomyopathy evinjelwe, imisipha yenhliziyo inosayizi ojwayelekile noma ikhulisiwe kancane. Isikhathi esiningi, ibuye iphampa ngokujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, ayiphumuli ngokujwayelekile ngesikhathi phakathi kokushaya kwenhliziyo lapho igazi libuya emzimbeni (diastole).

Yize inkinga enkulu ukugcwaliswa kwenhliziyo ngokungajwayelekile, inhliziyo kungenzeka ingalifaki igazi ngamandla lapho isifo siqhubeka. Umsebenzi wenhliziyo ongajwayelekile ungathinta amaphaphu, isibindi, nezinye izinhlelo zomzimba. I-cardiomyopathy evinjelwe ingathinta noma womabili amakamelo enhliziyo aphansi (ama-ventricles). Ukuvimbela i-cardiomyopathy yisimo esingajwayelekile. Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu yi-amyloidosis nokuqunjelwa kwenhliziyo okuvela kwisizathu esingaziwa. Futhi kungenzeka ngemuva kokufakelwa kwenhliziyo.

Ezinye izimbangela ze-cardiomyopathy evimbelayo zifaka:

• I-amyloidosis yenhliziyo
• Isifo senhliziyo se-Carcinoid
• Izifo zolwelwesi lwenhliziyo (i-endocardium), njenge-endomyocardial fibrosis ne-Loeffler syndrome (ezingavamile)
• Ukugcwala kwensimbi (hemochromatosis)
• I-Sarcoidosis
• Ukuqhuma ngemuva kwemisebe noma ngamakhemikhali
• I-Scleroderma
• Izimila zenhliziyo

Izimpawu zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo zivame kakhulu. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukukhula kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu ziqala ngokuzumayo futhi ziba nzima.

Izimpawu ezivamile yilezi:

• Khwehlela
• Izinkinga zokuphefumula ezenzeka ebusuku, ngomsebenzi noma lapho ulele phansi
• Ukukhathala nokungakwazi ukuzivocavoca
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla
• Ukuvuvukala kwesisu
• Ukuvuvukala kwezinyawo namaqakala
• I-pulse engalingani noma esheshayo

Ezinye izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukungakwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo
• Ukukhishwa komchamo ophansi
• Udinga ukuchama ebusuku (kubantu abadala)

Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kungakhombisa:

• Imithambo yentamo ekhulisiwe (ehlukanisiwe) noma eqhumayo
• Isibindi esandisiwe
• Ukuqhuma kwamaphaphu nemisindo yenhliziyo engajwayelekile noma ekude esifubeni izwakale nge-stethoscope
• Isipele samanzi ezandleni nasezinyaweni
• Izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo

Ukuhlolwa kwe-cardiomyopathy evimbelayo kufaka phakathi:

• I-catheterization yenhliziyo kanye ne-coronary angiography
• Isikena se-CT esifubeni
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-ECG (electrocardiogram)
• Ucwaningo lwe-Echocardiogram noDoppler
• I-MRI yenhliziyo
• Ukuskena kwenhliziyo yenukliya (MUGA, RNV)
• Izifundo zensimbi yeSerum
• Ukuhlolwa kwamaprotheni weSerum nomchamo

I-cardiomyopathy evinjelwe ingabonakala ifana ne-pericarditis ecindezelayo. I-catheterization yenhliziyo ingasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Imvamisa, kungadingeka i-biopsy yenhliziyo.

Isimo esibangela i-cardiomyopathy siyelashwa lapho singatholakala.

Zimbalwa izindlela zokwelapha ezaziwa ukuthi zisebenza kahle ekunqandeni i-cardiomyopathy. Inhloso enkulu yokwelashwa ukulawula izimpawu nokwenza ngcono impilo.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa ukulawula izimpawu noma ukuvimbela izinkinga:

• Imithi yokuncipha kwegazi
• Chemotherapy (kwezinye izimo)
• Izidakamizwa zokususa uketshezi futhi zisize ukuthuthukisa ukuphefumula
• Imithi yokuvikela noma yokulawula isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile
• Ama-steroid noma i-chemotherapy yezimbangela ezithile

Ukufakelwa kwenhliziyo kungabhekwa uma ukusebenza kwenhliziyo kukubi kakhulu futhi izimpawu zinzima.

Abantu abanalesi simo bavame ukuhluleka ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okuya kuba kubi kakhulu. Izinkinga ngesigqi senhliziyo noma ama-valve enhliziyo "avuzayo" nazo zingavela.

Abantu abane-cardiomyopathy evimbelayo bangaba ngabafakelwa ukufakelwa kwenhliziyo. Umbono uncike embangela yalesi simo, kepha imvamisa awubi kahle. Ukusinda ngemuva kokuxilongwa kungadlula iminyaka eyi-10.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma unezimpawu ze-cardiomyopathy evimbelayo.

I-Cardiomyopathy - imingcele; I-cardiomyopathy engenayo; Idiopathic myocardial fibrosis

• Inhliziyo - isigaba phakathi nendawo
• Inhliziyo - ukubuka kwangaphambili

UFalk RH, uHershberger RE. Ama-cardiomyopathies avulekile, abekelwe imingcele, futhi angena ngaphakathi. Ku: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, ama-eds. Isifo Senhliziyo SikaBraunwald: Incwadi Yemithi Yezinhliziyo Nemithambo. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 77.

UMcKenna WJ, u-Elliott PM. Izifo ze-myocardium ne-endocardium. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 54.