Izinkinga zokopha

Izinkinga zokopha ziqembu lezimo lapho kunenkinga khona ngenqubo yokuvala igazi emzimbeni. Lezi zinkinga zingaholela ekuphumeni kwegazi elinzima futhi isikhathi eside ngemuva kokulimala. Ukopha nakho kungaqala ngokwakho.

Izinkinga ezithile zokopha zifaka:

• Kutholwe ukukhubazeka kokusebenza kweplatelet
• Ukukhubazeka kokusebenza kweplatelet okuzalwa
• Kusatshalaliswe i-coagulation ye-intravascular (DIC)
• Ukushoda kwe-Prothrombin
• Ukushoda kwe-Factor V
• Ukushoda kwe-Factor VII
• Ukushoda kweFactor X
• Ukushoda kwe-Factor XI (hemophilia C)
• Isifo sikaGlanzmann
• I-hemophilia A
• I-hemophilia B
• Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
• Isifo seVon Willebrand (izinhlobo I, II, no-III)

Ukujiya kwegazi okuvamile kubandakanya izingxenye zegazi, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-platelets, namaprotheni angama-20 ehlukene e-plasma. Lokhu kwaziwa njengezici zokuvala igazi noma zokujiya. Lezi zinto zisebenzisana namanye amakhemikhali ukwakha into evimba ukopha okuthiwa i-fibrin.

Izinkinga zingenzeka lapho izici ezithile ziphansi noma zilahlekile. Izinkinga zokuphuma kwegazi zingahle ziqale kusuka kumnene kuya kokubi.

Ezinye izinkinga zokopha zikhona lapho kuzalwa futhi zidluliselwa emindenini (ezuzwe njengefa). Abanye bakhula kusuka ku:

• Izifo, njengokuntuleka kukavithamini K noma isifo sesibindi esibi
• Ukwelashwa, njengokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ukuvimba amahlule egazi (ama-anticoagulants) noma ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwama-antibiotic

Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi nakho kungavela enkingeni ngenombolo noma ukusebenza kwamaseli egazi akhuthaza ukujiya kwegazi (amaplatelets). Lezi zinkinga zingabuye zizuzwe njengefa noma zikhule kamuva (zitholwe). Imiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa ezithile ivame ukuholela kumafomu atholakele.

Izimpawu zingafaka noma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• Ukopha emalungeni noma emisipheni
• Ukulimaza kalula
• Ukopha kakhulu
• Ukopha okukhulu kokuya esikhathini
• Ukopha okungapheli kalula
• Ukopha ngokweqile ngezinqubo zokuhlinzwa
• Umbilical cord opha ngemuva kokuzalwa

Izinkinga ezenzekayo zixhomeke ekuphazamiseni ukopha okuthile, nokuthi kubi kangakanani.

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC)
• Isikhathi esithile se-thromboplastin (PTT)
• Ukuhlolwa kokuhlanganiswa kweplatelet
• Isikhathi se-Prothrombin (PT)
• Ukuxuba ukutadisha, ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwe-PTT ukuqinisekisa ukuntuleka kwesici

Ukwelashwa kuya ngohlobo lokuphazamiseka. Kungabandakanya:

• Ukufakwa kwesici sokuvala
• Ukumpontshelwa i-plasma okusha okubandayo
• Ukumpontshelwa iplatelet
• Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha

Thola okuningi mayelana nokuphazamiseka kokopha ngala maqembu:

• INational Hemophilia Foundation: Okunye Ukushoda Kwesici - www.hemophilia.org/Bleeding-Disorders/Typees-of-Beeding-Disorders/Other-Factor-Deficiencies
• INational Hemophilia Foundation: Ukunqoba Kwabesifazane Abanezinkinga Zegazi - www.hemophilia.org/Community-Resource/Women-with-Bleeding-Disorders/Victory-for-Women-with-Blood-Disorders
• UMnyango Wezempilo kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu e-US - www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/bleeding-disorders

Umphumela futhi uncike ekuphazamisekeni. Izinkinga eziningi zokuphuma kwegazi zingalawulwa. Lapho ukuphazamiseka kungenxa yezifo, njenge-DIC, umphumela uzoncika ekutheni isifo esingaphansi singelashwa kanjani.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Ukopha ebuchosheni
• Ukopha kakhulu (imvamisa kuvela emathunjini noma kokulimala)

Ezinye izinkinga zingenzeka, kuya ngesifo.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma ubona noma yikuphi ukopha okungavamile noma okunzima.

Ukuvimbela kuncike ekuphazamisekeni okuthile.

Coagulopathy

UGailani D, Wheeler AP, Neff AT. Ukukhubazeka okujwayelekile kwe-coagulation factor. Ku: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, ama-eds. I-Hematology: Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Nokuzijwayeza. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 137.

IHholo JE. I-hemostasis negazi coagulation. Ku: IHholo JE, kuhleliwe. Incwadi kaGuyton neHholo yePhysical Physiology. Umhlaka 13. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 37.

I-Nichols WL. Isifo se-Von Willebrand nokungajwayelekile kokopha kweplatelet nokusebenza kwemithambo yegazi. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 173.

I-Ragni MV. Ukuphazamiseka kokopha: ukuswela kwe-coagulation factor. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 174.