I-Leukemia Yezingane

-Delile

• Isifinyezo
• Yini i-leukemia?
• Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-leukemia ezinganeni?
• Yini ebangela i-leukemia ezinganeni?
• Ubani osengozini ye-leukemia ezinganeni?
• Ziyini izimpawu ze-leukemia ezinganeni?
• Itholakala kanjani i-leukemia ezinganeni?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-leukemia ezinganeni?

Isifinyezo

Yini i-leukemia?

I-leukemia yigama lomdlavuza wamaseli egazi. I-leukemia iqala ezicutshini ezakha igazi njengomnkantsha wethambo. Umnkantsha wakho wenza amaseli azokhula abe ngamaseli amhlophe egazi, amaseli abomvu egazi, nama-platelets. Uhlobo ngalunye lweseli lunomsebenzi ohlukile:

• Amaseli egazi amhlophe asiza umzimba wakho ukulwa nokutheleleka
• Amaseli egazi abomvu aletha umoya-mpilo emaphashini akho uye ezicutshini nasezithweni zakho
• Ama-platelets asiza ukwakha amahlule ukuze ayeke ukopha

Uma une-leukemia, umnkantsha wakho wenza inani elikhulu lamaseli angajwayelekile. Le nkinga ivame ukwenzeka ngamaseli amhlophe egazi. Lawa maseli angajwayelekile akhela emnkantsheni nasegazini lakho. Bagcwalisa amangqamuzana egazi aphilile futhi bakwenze kube nzima ngamaseli akho negazi ukwenza umsebenzi wawo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-leukemia ezinganeni?

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-leukemia. Ezinye izinhlobo zinzima (zikhula ngokushesha). Imvamisa ziba zimbi masinyane uma zingelashwa. Iningi lama-leukemias ebuntwaneni alukhuni:

• I-leukemia enamandla ye-lymphocytic (BONKE), okuluhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-leukemia ezinganeni nomdlavuza ovame kakhulu ezinganeni. KUKHO KONKE, umnkantsha wenza ama-lymphocyte amaningi kakhulu, uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe.
• I-acute myeloid leukemia (AML), okwenzeka lapho umnkantsha wenza ama-myeloblast angajwayelekile (uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe), amaseli abomvu egazi, noma ama-platelets.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-leukemia azilapheki (zikhula kancane). Imvamisa ziya ziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Avamile ezinganeni:

• I-leukemia engapheli ye-lymphocytic (CLL), lapho umnkantsha wenza ama-lymphocyte angajwayelekile (uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe). Kuvame kakhulu entsheni kunezingane.
• I-leukemia engapheli ye-myeloid (CML), lapho umnkantsha wenza khona ama-granulocyte angavamile (uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe). Kuyinto engavamile kakhulu ezinganeni.

Kunezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile ze-leukemia ezinganeni, kufaka phakathi i-juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML).

Yini ebangela i-leukemia ezinganeni?

I-leukemia yenzeka lapho kuba nezinguquko ezintweni zofuzo (i-DNA) kumaseli omnkantsha. Imbangela yalezi zinguquko zofuzo ayikaziwa. Kodwa-ke, kunezici ezithile eziphakamisa ubungozi be-leukemia yengane.

Ubani osengozini ye-leukemia ezinganeni?

Izici eziphakamisa ubungozi be-leukemia yengane zifaka phakathi

• Ukuba nomfowenu noma udadewenu, ikakhulukazi iwele, one-leukemia
• Ukwelashwa kwangaphambilini ngamakhemikhali
• Ukuvezwa kwemisebe, kufaka phakathi ukwelashwa ngemisebe
• Ukuba nezimo ezithile zofuzo, njenge
  • I-Ataxia telangiectasia
  • I-Down syndrome
  • I-Fanconi anemia
  • Isifo se-Li-Fraumeni
  • Uhlobo lwe-Neurofibromatosis 1

Kunezinye izinto ezingakhuphula ubungozi bokuthola uhlobo olulodwa noma eziningi zezinhlobo ezithile ze-leukemia yengane.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-leukemia ezinganeni?

Ezinye zezimpawu ze-leukemia zingafaka

• Ukuzizwa ngikhathele
• Imfiva noma ukujuluka ebusuku
• Ukulinyazwa okulula noma ukopha
• Ukwehla kwesisindo noma ukulahlekelwa ukudla
• I-Petechiae, engamachashazi abomvu amancane ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Zibangelwa ukopha.

Ezinye izimpawu ze-leukemia zingahluka kuhlobo lohlobo. I-leukemia engapheli kungenzeka ingazibangeli izimpawu ekuqaleni.

Itholakala kanjani i-leukemia ezinganeni?

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angasebenzisa amathuluzi amaningi ukuthola i-leukemia:

• Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba
• Umlando wezokwelapha
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, okufana nokubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (CBC)
• Ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wethambo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko - ukufisa umnkantsha wamathambo kanye nomnkantsha wamathambo. Kokubili ukuhlolwa kuhilela ukususa isampula lomnkantsha wethambo nethambo. Amasampuli athunyelwa elebhu ukuyohlolwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo ukubheka izinguquko zofuzo kanye ne-chromosome

Uma sekutholakele ukuthi kune-leukemia, kungenziwa ezinye izivivinyo ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekile yini. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging kanye ne-lumbar puncture, okuyinqubo yokuqoqa nokuhlola i-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-leukemia ezinganeni?

Ukwelashwa kwe-leukemia kuncike ekutheni luhlobo luni, ukuthi i-leukemia inzima kangakanani, iminyaka yengane, nezinye izinto. Ukwelashwa okungenzeka kungafaka

• ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• ukwelashwa ngemisebe
• I-Chemotherapy ngokufakelwa kwe-stem cell
• Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe, okusebenzisa izidakamizwa noma ezinye izinto ezihlasela amangqamuzana athile omdlavuza ngokulimaza okuncane kumaseli ajwayelekile

Ukwelashwa kwe-leukemia yengane kuvame ukuphumelela. Kodwa izindlela zokwelashwa zingadala izinkinga ngokushesha noma kamuva empilweni. Izingane ezisinde ku-leukemia zizodinga ukunakekelwa okulandelwayo impilo yazo yonke ukuze zibuke futhi zilaphe noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba nazo.

I-NIH: Isikhungo Somdlavuza Kazwelonke