Okufanele Ukwazi Nge-HIV Ezinganeni

-Delile

• Yini ebangela i-HIV ezinganeni?
• Ukudluliswa okuqondile
• Ukudluliswa okuvundlile
• Izimpawu ze-HIV ezinganeni nasebusheni
• Kutholakala kanjani?
• Ilashwa kanjani?
• Imigomo kanye ne-HIV
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ukwelashwa kwe-HIV kuhambe ibanga elide eminyakeni yamuva. Namuhla, izingane eziningi eziphila ne-HIV ziyakhula ziye ebudaleni.

I-HIV yigciwane elihlasela amasosha omzimba. Lokho kwenza izingane ezine-HIV zisengozini yokutheleleka nezifo. Ukwelashwa okulungile kungasiza ekuvikeleni ukugula nokugcina i-HIV ingadluleli engculazini.

Qhubeka uqhubeke njengoba sixoxa ngezimbangela ze-HIV ezinganeni kanye nezinselelo ezihlukile zokwelapha izingane nentsha ephila ne-HIV.

Yini ebangela i-HIV ezinganeni?

Ukudluliswa okuqondile

Ingane ingazalwa ine-HIV noma iyithole ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa kwayo. I-HIV etholwe esibelethweni ibizwa ngokuthi yi-perinatal transmission noma i-vertical transmission.

Ukudluliselwa kwe-HIV ezinganeni kungenzeka:

• ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (ukudlula kusuka kumama kuye enganeni nge-placenta)
• ngesikhathi sokubeletha (ngokudluliswa kwegazi noma olunye uketshezi)
• ngenkathi uncelisa

Vele, akuwona wonke umuntu one-HIV ozoludlulisela enganeni yakhe, ikakhulukazi uma elandela ukwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane.

Emhlabeni jikelele, izinga lokudlulisa i-HIV ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa liwela ngaphansi kwamaphesenti ama-5 ngokungenelela, ngokusho kwe. Ngaphandle kokungenelela, izinga lokudlulisa i-HIV ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa cishe lingamaphesenti ayi-15 kuye kwangama-45.

E-United States, ukudluliswa okuqondile kuyindlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-13 ezithola ngayo i-HIV.

Ukudluliswa okuvundlile

Ukudluliswa kwesibili, noma ukudluliswa okuvundlile, kulapho i-HIV idluliselwa ngokuthintana nesidoda esinegciwane, uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, noma igazi.

Ukudluliswa kocansi kuyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokuthi intsha ithole i-HIV. Ukudluliswa kungenzeka ngesikhathi socansi olungavikelekile lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, somlomo noma sendunu.

Intsha ingahle ingasebenzisi njalo indlela yokuvimbela inzalo, noma iyisebenzise ngendlela efanele. Kungenzeka ukuthi abazi ukuthi bane-HIV bese beyidlulisela kwabanye.

Ukungasebenzisi indlela yokuvimbela njengekhondomu, noma ukuyisebenzisa ngendlela engafanele, kungakhuphula ubungozi bokuthola isifo esithathelwana ngocansi (STI), esikhuphula nobungozi bokuthola noma ukudlulisa i-HIV.

Izingane nentsha ebelana ngezinaliti, imijovo, nezinto ezifanayo nazo zisengcupheni yokuthola i-HIV.

I-HIV ingadluliselwa ngegazi elinegciwane kuzimo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo, futhi. Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kwenzeke kwezinye izifunda zomhlaba ukwedlula ezinye. Ngokusho kweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, kuseMelika.

Igciwane lesandulela ngculaza alisabalali:

• ukulunywa yizinambuzane
• amathe
• ajuluke
• izinyembezi
• ukwangana

Awukwazi ukukuthola ngokwabelana:

• amathawula noma okombhede
• ukuphuza izingilazi noma izitsha zokudla
• izihlalo zangasese noma amachibi okubhukuda

Izimpawu ze-HIV ezinganeni nasebusheni

Usana lungahle lungabi nazimpawu ezisobala ekuqaleni. Njengoba amasosha omzimba eba buthakathaka, ungaqala ukuqaphela:

• ukungabi namandla
• ukukhula nokubambezeleka okubambezelekile
• imfiva ephikelelayo, ukujuluka
• isifo sohudo njalo
• ama-lymph node akhulisiwe
• izifo eziphindaphindwayo noma ezinde ezingaphenduli kahle ekwelashweni
• ukuncipha komzimba
• ukwehluleka ukuchuma

Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngengane kuye nangeminyaka. Izingane nentsha zingaba:

• ukuqubuka kwesikhumba
• i-thrush yomlomo
• ukutheleleka okuvamile kwemvubelo yesitho sangasese sowesifazane
• isibindi esikhulisiwe noma ubende
• izifo zamaphaphu
• Izinkinga zezinso
• izinkinga zokukhumbula nokugxila
• izicubu ezinobungozi noma ezimbi

Izingane ezine-HIV ezingelashwa zisesengozini yokuthola izimo ezifana nalezi:

• inqubulunjwana
• amasongo
• i-herpes
• i-hepatitis
• isifo sokuvuvukala okhalo
• inyumoniya
• meningitis

Kutholakala kanjani?

I-HIV itholakala ngokuhlolelwa igazi, kodwa kungathatha ukuhlolwa okungaphezu kokukodwa.

Ukuxilongwa kungaqinisekiswa uma igazi liqukethe amasosha omzimba we-HIV. Kepha ekuqaleni kokutheleleka, amazinga e-antibody kungenzeka angabi phezulu ngokwanele ukuthola.

Uma ukuhlolwa kuthi awunalo kodwa kusolwa i-HIV, ukuhlolwa kungaphindwa ezinyangeni ezi-3 kuphindwe futhi ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.

Lapho osemusha etholakala enegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, bonke abalingani ocansini nabantu okungenzeka babelana ngezinaliti noma imijovo kumele baziswe ukuze nabo bahlolwe futhi baqale ukwelashwa, uma kudingeka.

Ngo-2018, amacala amasha e-CDC amasha e-HIV e-United States ngobudala njengo:

Ilashwa kanjani?

I-HIV kungenzeka ukuthi ayinayo ikhambi lamanje, kodwa ingalashwa futhi ilawulwe ngempumelelo. Namuhla, izingane eziningi nabantu abadala abane-HIV baphila impilo ende, enempilo.

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwezingane kuyefana nokwabantu abadala: ukwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane. Imithi yokwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane kanye nemithi kusiza ukuvimbela ukuqhubeka kwe-HIV kanye nokudluliswa kwayo.

Ukwelashwa kwezingane kudinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile okumbalwa. Ubudala, ukukhula, kanye nesigaba sokukhula konke kunendaba futhi kufanele kuhlolwe kabusha njengoba ingane iqhubeka nokuthomba futhi iba mdala.

Ezinye izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe zibandakanya:

• ukuqina kokutheleleka nge-HIV
• ubungozi bokuqhubeka
• izifo zangaphambilini nezamanje ezihlobene ne-HIV
• ubuthi besikhathi esifushane nesikhathi eside
• okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo
• ukuxhumana kwezidakamizwa

Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kowezi-2014 kwathola ukuthi ukuqala ukwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane ngokushesha nje ngemva kokuzalwa kukhulisa isikhathi sokuphila kwengane, kwehlisa ukugula okungathi sína, futhi kwehlise namathuba okuthi i-HIV idlulele kwi-AIDS.

Ukwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane kubandakanya inhlanganisela yemithi okungenani emithathu ehlukene yezidambisigciwane.

Lapho ukhetha ukuthi imiphi imishanguzo ezosetshenziswa, abahlinzeki bezempilo babheka ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi imishanguzo ingazweli, okuzothinta izindlela zokwelashwa ezizayo. Imithi kungadingeka ukuthi ilungiswe ngezikhathi ezithile.

Esinye isithako esiyinhloko sokwelapha ngempumelelo izidambisigciwane ukunamathela ohlelweni lokwelashwa. Ngokwe-WHO, kudinga ukunamathela kokuningi kunokucindezela okuqhubekayo kwegciwane.

Ukunamathela kusho ukuthatha imithi njengoba kunqunyiwe. Lokhu kungaba nzima ezinganeni, ikakhulukazi uma zinenkinga yokugwinya amaphilisi noma zifuna ukugwema imiphumela emibi. Ukulungisa lokhu, eminye imithi iyatholakala oketshezi noma ama-syrups ukwenza kube lula ezinganeni ezincane ukuthi ziphuze.

Abazali nabanakekeli nabo badinga ukusebenzisana kakhulu nabahlinzeki bezempilo. Kwezinye izimo, ukwelulekwa ngemindeni kungasiza wonke umuntu othintekayo.

Intsha ephila ne-HIV nayo ingadinga:

• ukwelulekwa ngokwezempilo kanye namaqembu okusekela
• ukwelulekwa ngempilo yokuzala, kufaka phakathi ukuvimbela inzalo, imikhuba yocansi enempilo, nokukhulelwa
• ukuhlolwa kwama-STI
• ukuhlolwa kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa
• ukusekelwa kwenguquko ebushelelezi ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kwabantu abadala

Ucwaningo nge-HIV yezingane luyaqhubeka. Imihlahlandlela yokwelashwa ingahle ivuselelwe njalo.

Qinisekisa ukugcina umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo yengane yakho enolwazi ngezimpawu ezintsha noma eziguqukayo, kanye nemiphumela engemihle yemithi. Ungalokothi unqikaze ukubuza imibuzo ngempilo nokwelashwa kwengane yakho.

Imigomo kanye ne-HIV

Yize izivivinyo zokwelashwa ziqhubeka, okwamanje ayikho imishanguzo evunyelwe yokuvikela noma yokwelapha i-HIV.

Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi i-HIV ingenza kube nzima ukuthi umzimba wakho ulwe nezifo, izingane kanye nentsha ene-HIV kufanele igonyelwe ezinye izifo.

Imithi yokugoma ebukhoma ingadala ukuphendula komzimba, ngakho-ke uma kutholakala, abantu abane-HIV kufanele bathole imigomo engasebenzi.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angakweluleka ngesikhathi nangeminye imininingwane yokugoma. Lokhu kungafaka:

• I-varicella (inkukhu, izinkukhu)
• i-hepatitis B
• i-human papillomavirus (HPV)
• umkhuhlane
• isimungumungwane, imvukuzane, ne-rubella (MMR)
• i-meningococcal meningitis
• inyumoniya
• uvendle
• i-tetanus, i-diphtheria, ne-pertussis (Tdap)
• i-hepatitis A

Lapho uhambela ngaphandle kwezwe, eminye imijovo yokugoma, efana naleyo evikela ikholera noma i-yellow fever, nayo ingalulekwa. Khuluma nodokotela wengane yakho kahle ngaphambi kokuhambela kwamanye amazwe.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ukukhula une-HIV kungaletha izinselelo eziningi ezinganeni nakubazali, kepha ukunamathela ekwelashweni ngezidambisigciwane - nokuba nohlelo lokusekelwa oluqinile - kungasiza izingane nentsha ukuba ziphile impilo enempilo, negculisayo.

Kunezinsizakalo eziningi zokusekelwa ezitholakalayo zezingane, imindeni yazo, kanye nabanakekeli. Ukuthola eminye imininingwane, cela abahlinzeki bokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwengane yakho ukuthi bakudlulisele emaqenjini asendaweni yangakini, noma ungashayela Ucingo lwasekhaya lwe-HIV / AIDS.