Ukuhlolwa kwe-RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)

-Delile

• Isetshenziswa nini isivivinyo se-RSV?
• Kufanele usilungiselele kanjani isivivinyo?
• Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlolwa?
• Ziyini izingcuphe zokuhlolwa?
• Isho ukuthini imiphumela?
• Kuthiwani ngokuhlolwa kwe-RSV antibody?
• Kwenzekani uma imiphumela ingavamile?

Luyini uvivinyo lwe-RSV?

Igciwane lokuphefumula le-syncytial (RSV) ukutheleleka ohlelweni lwakho lokuphefumula (izindiza zakho). Imvamisa akubi, kepha izimpawu zingaba nzima kakhulu ezinganeni ezisencane, kubantu abadala, nakulabo abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka.

I-RSV iyimbangela enkulu yezifo zokuphefumula kwabantu, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane. Ukutheleleka kubi kakhulu futhi kwenzeka kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane. Ezinsaneni, i-RSV ingadala i-bronchiolitis (ukuvuvukala komoya omncane emaphashini abo), inyumoniya (ukuvuvukala noketshezi engxenyeni eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yamaphaphu abo), noma i-croup (ukuvuvukala emphinjeni okuholela ebunzimeni bokuphefumula nokukhwehlela ). Ezinganeni ezindala, kwentsha, nakubantu abadala, ukutheleleka nge-RSV kuvame ukuba nzima kakhulu.

Ukutheleleka nge-RSV kuyisikhathi sonyaka. Imvamisa kwenzeka ekwindla sekwedlule isikhathi kuya entwasahlobo (kuqhamuka ezinyangeni ezibandayo zasebusika). I-RSV ivame ukwenzeka njengobhadane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuthinta abantu abaningi ngaphakathi komphakathi ngasikhathi sinye. Umbiko wokuthi cishe zonke izingane zizobe zitheleleka nge-RSV ngesikhathi zihlanganisa iminyaka emibili ubudala, kodwa ingxenye encane yazo kuphela ezoba nezimpawu ezinzima.

I-RSV itholakala ukuthi isebenzisa i-swab ekhaleni engahlolwa ukuthola izinkomba zaleli gciwane ematheni noma kolunye uketshezi.

Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuthi kungani ukuhlolwa kwe-RSV kungasetshenziswa, yiziphi izivivinyo ezitholakalayo, nokuthi yini okuzodingeka uyenze ngokuya ngemiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa.

Isetshenziswa nini isivivinyo se-RSV?

Izimpawu zokutheleleka nge-RSV zifana nalezo ezinye izinhlobo zezifo zokuphefumula. Izimpawu zifaka:

• ukukhwehlela
• ukuthimula
• ikhala eligijimayo
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• isifuba
• imfiva
• ukuncipha kokudla

Ukuhlolwa kuvame ukwenziwa ezinganeni ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili ezinesifo senhliziyo esizelwe, isifo samaphaphu esingapheli, noma amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka. Ngokusho kwezingane, izingane nezingane ezinezi zimo zisengozini enkulu yokutheleleka okunzima, okubandakanya i-pneumonia ne-bronchiolitis.

Kufanele usilungiselele kanjani isivivinyo?

Akukho ukulungiselela okukhethekile okudingekayo kulolu vivinyo. Kumane kuwukuswayipha okusheshayo, ukumunca, noma ukugeza izindwangu zakho zamakhala ukuze uqoqe uketshezi olwanele, noma uketshezi emakhaleni nasemphinjeni, ukuhlola igciwane.

Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho nganoma imiphi imithi, incwadi kadokotela noma okunye, njengamanje oyiphuzayo. Zingathinta imiphumela yalokhu kuhlolwa.

Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlolwa?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-RSV kungenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Zonke ziyashesha, azibuhlungu, futhi ziyabhekwa ekutholeni ubukhona begciwane:

• I-aspirate yamakhala. Udokotela wakho usebenzisa idivaysi yokudonsa ukuze athathe isampula yezicubu zakho zamakhala ukuze ahlolele ubukhona begciwane.
• Ukugeza ikhala. Udokotela wakho ugcwalisa ithuluzi eliyinyumba, elicindezelweyo elimise okwe-bulb ngesisombululo sikasawoti, ufaka ichopho lesibani emakhaleni akho, ucindezela kancane isixazululo emakhaleni akho, bese eyeka ukukhama ukumunca isampula yezimfihlo zakho ku-bulb ukuze lihlolwe.
• I-Nasopharyngeal (NP) swab. Udokotela wakho ufaka kancane i-swab encane emakhaleni akho ize ifinyelele ngemuva kwekhala lakho. Bazoyinyakazisa ngobumnene ukuze baqoqe isampula yezicubu zakho zamakhala, bese beyikhipha kancane kancane ekhaleni lakho.

Ziyini izingcuphe zokuhlolwa?

Cishe azikho izingozi ezihambisana nalokhu kuhlolwa.Ungase uzizwe ungakhululekile noma ube nesicanucanu lapho kufakwa i-swab yamakhala ngaphakathi kwekhala lakho. Impumulo yakho ingopha noma izicubu zingacasuka.

Isho ukuthini imiphumela?

Umphumela ojwayelekile, noma omubi, ovela ekuhlolweni kwamakhala kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi akukho ukutheleleka kwe-RSV.

Ezimweni eziningi, imiphumela emihle isho ukuthi unesifo se-RSV. Udokotela wakho uzokwazisa ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo zakho ezilandelayo okufanele zibe.

Kuthiwani ngokuhlolwa kwe-RSV antibody?

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubizwa nge-RSV antibody test kuyatholakala, kodwa akuvamile ukuthi kusetshenziselwe ukuxilonga ukutheleleka nge-RSV. Akukuhle ukuxilonga ukutholakala kwaleli gciwane ngoba imiphumela ivame ukunganembi lapho isetshenziswa nezingane ezincane. Imiphumela ithatha isikhathi eside ukutholakala futhi ayinembile ngaso sonke isikhathi ngenxa yayo. I-swab ekhaleni ibuye ibe ntofontofo kunokuhlolwa kwegazi, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni nasezinganeni ezincane, futhi inezingozi ezimbalwa kakhulu.

Uma udokotela wakho encoma ukuhlolwa kwe-RSV antibody, kuvame ukwenziwa ngumhlengikazi ehhovisi likadokotela wakho noma esibhedlela. Igazi likhishwa emthanjeni, imvamisa lingaphakathi kwendololwane yakho. Ukudonsa igazi ngokujwayelekile kubandakanya lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Indawo yokubhoboza ihlanzwa nge-antiseptic.
2. Udokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi usonga ibhande lokunwebeka engalweni yakho engenhla ukwenza umthambo wakho uvuvukele igazi.
3. Inaliti ifakwe ngobumnene emthanjeni wakho ukuqoqa igazi esitsheni noma ithubhu enamathiselwe.
4. Ibhande lokunwebeka lisusiwe engalweni yakho.
5. Isampuli yegazi ithunyelwa elabhorethri iyohlolwa.

Uma uthatha ukuhlolwa kwe-RSV antibody, kunengozi encane yokopha, ukulinyazwa, noma ukutheleleka endaweni yokubhoboza, njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Ungase uzwe ubuhlungu obulinganiselayo noma ukubhoboza okubukhali lapho inaliti ifakiwe. Ungase futhi uzizwe unesiyezi noma unekhanda elincane ngemuva kokudonswa kwegazi.

Umphumela wokuhlolwa kwegazi ojwayelekile, noma ongemuhle ungasho ukuthi awekho ama-antibody e-RSV egazini lakho. Lokhu kungasho ukuthi awukaze utheleleke nge-RSV. Le miphumela ayivamile ukunemba, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, noma ngabe inezifo ezinzima. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izivikeli mzimba zengane kungenzeka zingatholakali ngoba zisitshekelwe amasosha omzimba omama (abuye abizwe) asele egazini lakhe emva kokuzalwa.

Umphumela omuhle wokuhlolwa okuvela ekuhlolweni kwegazi kwengane kungenzeka ukhombise ukuthi ingane ithole ukutheleleka nge-RSV (muva nje noma esikhathini esedlule), noma umama wayo udlulisele amasosha omzimba e-RSV kubo esibelethweni (ngaphambi kokuzalwa). Futhi, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi ye-RSV kungenzeka ingabi enembile. Kubantu abadala, umphumela omuhle ungasho ukuthi bake baba nokutheleleka nge-RSV muva nje noma esikhathini esedlule, kepha noma le miphumela kungenzeka ingakhombisi ngokunembile okwangempela.

Kwenzekani uma imiphumela ingavamile?

Ezinganeni ezinezimpawu zokutheleleka nge-RSV nemiphumela yokuhlolwa okuhle, ukulaliswa esibhedlela kaningi akudingeki ngoba izimpawu zihlala zixazululwa ekhaya isonto elilodwa noma amabili. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa kwe-RSV kuvame ukwenziwa ezinganeni ezigulayo noma ezinobungozi obukhulu ezingadinga kakhulu ukunakekelwa esibhedlela ukuze zithole ukunakekelwa okusekelayo kuze kube yilapho izifo zazo zithuthuka. Udokotela wakho angancoma ukuthi unikeze ingane yakho i-acetaminophen (iTylenol) ukugcina noma imuphi umkhuhlane okhona phansi noma amaconsi emakhaleni ukukhipha ikhala eligcwele.

Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile okutholakalayo kokutheleleka nge-RSV futhi, njengamanje, awukho umuthi wokugoma we-RSV osuthuthukisiwe. Uma unesifo esibi se-RSV, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlale esibhedlela kuze kutholakale ukutheleleka ngokuphelele. Uma une-asthma, i-inhaler yokwandisa izikhwama zomoya emaphashini akho (eyaziwa njenge-bronchodilator) ingakusiza uphefumule kalula. Udokotela wakho angancoma ukusebenzisa i-ribavirin (iVirazole), umuthi olwa namagciwane ongaphefumula kuwo, uma amasosha akho omzimba ebuthakathaka. Umuthi obizwa nge-palivizimab (Synagis) unikezwa ezinye izingane ezisengozini enkulu engaphansi kweminyaka emibili ukusiza ukuvikela ukutheleleka okukhulu kwe-RSV.

Ukutheleleka nge-RSV akuvamile ukuba kubucayi futhi kungelashwa ngempumelelo ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene.