I-Polycythemia yesibili (i-Secondary Erythrocytosis)

-Delile

• Ukubuka konke
• Okwesibili uma kuqhathaniswa
• Igama lobuchwepheshe
• Izimbangela ze-polycythemia yesibili
• Izici zobungozi be-polycythemia yesibili
• Izimpawu ze-polycythemia yesibili
• Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwe-polycythemia yesibili
• Lapho kungafanele wehlise isibalo segazi elibomvu
• Umbono

Ukubuka konke

I-polycythemia yesibili ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwamaseli abomvu egazi. Kubangela ukuthi igazi lakho likhule ngokweqile, okwandisa amathuba okushaywa unhlangothi. Kuyisimo esingajwayelekile.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wamangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi ukuphatha umoya-mpilo usuka emaphashini uya kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni wakho.

Amaseli abomvu egazi ahlala akhiqizwa emnkantsheni wakho wethambo. Uma uthuthela endaweni ephakeme kakhulu lapho umoya-mpilo uyivelakancane, umzimba wakho uzokuzwa lokhu bese uqala ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu amaningi ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa.

Okwesibili uma kuqhathaniswa

Okwesibili i-polycythemia isho ukuthi esinye isimo senza umzimba wakho ukhiqize amangqamuzana egazi abomvu amaningi kakhulu.

Imvamisa uzoba ne-hormone erythropoietin (EPO) eyeqile eqhuba ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli abomvu.

Isizathu kungaba:

• ukuvimbela ukuphefumula okufana nokuphefumula ukulala
• isifo samaphaphu noma senhliziyo
• ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezithuthukisa ukusebenza

Okuyinhloko i-polycythemia izakhi zofuzo. Kubangelwa ukuguquka kwamangqamuzana omnkantsha wethambo, akhiqiza amaseli akho abomvu egazi.

I-polycythemia yesibili nayo ingaba nembangela yofuzo. Kepha akuveli ekuguqulweni kwamangqamuzana omnkantsha wakho.

Ku-polycythemia yesibili, izinga lakho le-EPO lizoba phezulu futhi uzoba nesibalo esiphezulu segazi elibomvu. Ku-polycythemia eyinhloko, inani lakho elibomvu lamaseli egazi lizoba likhulu, kodwa uzoba nezinga eliphansi le-EPO.

Igama lobuchwepheshe

I-polycythemia yesibili manje seyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njenge-erythrocytosis yesibili.

I-Polycythemia isho zonke izinhlobo zamaseli egazi - amaseli abomvu, amaseli amhlophe, nama-platelets. Ama-erythrocyte kungamaseli abomvu kuphela, okwenza i-erythrocytosis igama elamukelekile lobuchwepheshe lalesi simo.

Izimbangela ze-polycythemia yesibili

Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-polycythemia yesibili yilezi:

• ukulala ubuthongo
• ukubhema noma isifo samaphaphu
• ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• hypoventilation
• Isifo se-Pickwickian
• isifo esingapheliyo sokuvimbela kwamaphaphu (COPD)
• isisu
• izidakamizwa ezithuthukisa ukusebenza, kufaka phakathi i-EPO, i-testosterone, ne-anabolic steroids

Ezinye izimbangela ezivamile ze-polycythemia yesibili zifaka:

• ubuthi be-carbon monoxide
• ukuhlala endaweni ephakeme kakhulu
• isifo sezinso noma ama-cysts

Ekugcineni, ezinye izifo zingadala ukuthi umzimba wakho ukhiqize ngokweqile i-hormone EPO, evusa ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Ezinye zezimo ezingadala lokhu yilezi:

• izicubu ezithile zobuchopho (i-cerebellar hemangioblastoma, meningioma)
• isimila sendlala parathyroid
• umdlavuza we-hepatocellular (isibindi)
• umdlavuza we-renal (izinso)
• isimila sendlala ye-adrenal
• i-fibroids enobungozi esibelethweni

Ku, imbangela ye-polycythemia yesibili ingaba ufuzo. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukuguquka kwezakhi ezibangela ukuthi amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi athathe isilinganiso esingajwayelekile somoya-mpilo.

Izici zobungozi be-polycythemia yesibili

Izici ezinobungozi be-polycythemia yesibili (i-erythrocytosis) yilezi:

• ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• ukuphuza ngokweqile
• ukubhema
• umfutho wegazi ophezulu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme)

Ingcuphe esanda kutholakala inebubanzi obuphezulu bokusabalalisa amaseli abomvu (i-RDW), okusho ukuthi ubukhulu bamaseli akho abomvu egazi bungahluka kakhulu. Lokhu kwaziwa nangokuthi i-anisocytosis.

Izimpawu ze-polycythemia yesibili

Izimpawu ze-polycythemia yesibili zifaka:

• ubunzima bokuphefumula
• isifuba nobuhlungu besisu
• ukukhathala
• ubuthakathaka nobuhlungu bemisipha
• ikhanda
• ukukhala ezindlebeni (tinnitus)
• ukungaboni kahle
• ukushisa noma "izikhonkwane nezinaliti" ukuzwa ezandleni, izingalo, imilenze, noma izinyawo
• ukuvilapha kwengqondo

Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwe-polycythemia yesibili

Udokotela wakho uzofuna ukunquma kokubili i-polycythemia yesibili nembangela yayo. Ukwelashwa kwakho kuzoya ngesizathu esiyimbangela.

Udokotela uzothatha umlando wezokwelapha, akubuze ngezimpawu zakho, futhi akuhlole ngokomzimba. Bazo-oda ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging nokuhlolwa kwegazi.

Esinye sezibonakaliso zesibili se-polycythemia ukuhlolwa kwe-hematocrit. Lokhu kuyingxenye yephaneli yegazi ephelele. I-Hematocrit isilinganiso sokuhlushwa kwamaseli abomvu egazini lakho.

Uma i-hematocrit yakho iphakeme futhi unamazinga aphezulu e-EPO, kungaba uphawu lwe-polycythemia yesibili.

Izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko ze-polycythemia yesibili yilezi:

• i-aspirin enomthamo ophansi ukunciphisa umzimba wegazi lakho
• ukuphuma kwegazi, okwaziwa nangokuthi i-phlebotomy noma i-venesection

I-aspirin enomthamo ophansi isebenza njengegazi elincanyana futhi inganciphisa ubungozi bokushaywa unhlangothi (thrombosis) kusukela ekukhiqizweni ngokweqile kwamaseli abomvu egazi.

Ukudweba upende wegazi kunciphisa ukugxila kwamaseli abomvu egazini lakho.

Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi kungakanani igazi okufanele likhishwe nokuthi kukangaki. Inqubo ayibuhlungu futhi inobungozi obuphansi. Udinga ukuphumula ngemuva kokudonswa kwegazi futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uthola isidlo kanye noketshezi oluningi ngemuva kwalokho.

Udokotela wakho angakunikeza nemithi ethile yokuqeda izimpawu zakho.

Lapho kungafanele wehlise isibalo segazi elibomvu

Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho uzokhetha ukunganciphisi inani lakho elibomvu lamaseli abomvu. Isibonelo, uma inani lakho eliphakanyisiwe liyindlela yokubhema, ukuboniswa kwe-carbon monoxide, noma isifo senhliziyo noma samaphaphu, ungadinga amaseli abomvu wegazi amaningi ukuthola i-oxygen eyanele emzimbeni wakho.

Ukwelashwa kwe-oxygen yesikhathi eside kungabe sekuba inketho. Lapho umoya-mpilo omningi ufika emaphashini, umzimba wakho uyanxephezela ngokukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ambalwa. Lokhu kunciphisa ukushuba kwegazi kanye nengozi yokushaywa unhlangothi. Udokotela wakho angakudlulisela kwi-pulmonologist ukuthola ukwelashwa komoya-mpilo.

Umbono

I-polycythemia yesibili (i-erythrocytosis) yisimo esingajwayelekile esidala ukuthi igazi lakho likhule futhi likhulise ubungozi bokushaywa unhlangothi.

Ngokuvamile kungenxa yesimo esingaphansi, esingahluka ngobunzima kusuka ekuphefumuleni kokulala kuya kwesifo senhliziyo esibi. Uma isimo esiyimbangela singabucayi, abantu abaningi abane-polycythemia yesibili bangalindela impilo ejwayelekile.

Kodwa uma i-polycythemia yenza igazi libukeke ngokweqile, kunengozi eyengeziwe yokushaywa unhlangothi.

I-polycythemia yesibili ayidingi ukwelashwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma kudingeka, ukwelashwa kuvamise ukuba nomthamo ophansi we-aspirin noma ukudweba igazi (phlebotomy).