Izimpawu Zesifo Sohlangothi Kwabesifazane: Ungasibona Kanjani iStroke Futhi Ufune Usizo

-Delile

• Ingabe isifo sohlangothi sivamile kwabesifazane?
• Izimpawu ezihlukile kwabesifazane
• Izimpawu zesimo sengqondo esishintshiwe
• Izimpawu ezivamile zokushaywa unhlangothi
• Okufanele ukwenze uma kwenzeka unhlangothi
• Izinketho zokwelashwa kwesifo sohlangothi
• Ischemic stroke
• Isifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu
• Ukwelashwa kwabesifazane kuqhathaniswa nabesilisa
• Ukubuyiselwa kwesifo sohlangothi kwabesifazane
• Ukuvimbela unhlangothi ozayo
• Umbono

Ingabe isifo sohlangothi sivamile kwabesifazane?

Cishe ube nesifo sohlangothi unyaka nonyaka. Isifo sohlangothi senzeka lapho iqhwa legazi noma umkhumbi oqhekekile usika ukugeleza kwegazi uye ebuchosheni bakho. Minyaka yonke, cishe abantu abayi-140,000 bafa ngenxa yezinkinga ezihlobene nohlangothi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuthuthukisa amahlule egazi noma ukubamba inyumoniya.

Yize amadoda enamathuba amaningi okuba nesifo sohlangothi, abesifazane banengozi ephezulu yokuphila. Abesifazane nabo basemathubeni amaningi okubulawa yisifo sohlangothi.

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi owesifazane oyedwa kwabayisihlanu baseMelika uzohlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi, futhi cishe amaphesenti angama-60 azofa ngenxa yalokhu kuhlaselwa. IStroke siyimbangela yesithathu yokufa kwabantu besifazane baseMelika.

Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani abesifazane besengozini yokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi: Abesifazane baphila isikhathi eside kunabesilisa, futhi iminyaka yobudala ingenye ingozi ebalulekile yokushaywa unhlangothi. Banamathuba amaningi okuba nomfutho wegazi ophezulu. Ukukhulelwa nokulawulwa kokubeletha nakho kwandisa ubungozi besifazane bokushaywa unhlangothi.

Lapho wazi kakhulu ngezimpawu zokushaywa unhlangothi kwabesifazane, kungcono uzokwazi ukuthola usizo. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kungasho umehluko phakathi kokukhubazeka nokubuyiselwa.

Izimpawu ezihlukile kwabesifazane

Abesifazane bangabika izimpawu ezingavamisile ukuhlotshaniswa nemivimbo emadodeni. Lokhu kungafaka:

• isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
• isithuthwane
• izinqa
• inkinga yokuphefumula
• ubuhlungu
• ukuquleka noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi
• ubuthakathaka jikelele

Ngoba lezi zimpawu zehlukile kwabesifazane, kungaba nzima ukuzixhumanisa ngokushesha nesifo sohlangothi. Lokhu kungabambezela ukwelashwa, okungavimbela ukululama.

Uma ungowesifazane futhi ungaqiniseki ukuthi izimpawu zakho ezokushaywa unhlangothi, kusamele ushayele abezimo eziphuthumayo zendawo yangakini. Lapho abezimo eziphuthumayo befika endaweni yesehlakalo, bangahlola izimpawu zakho bese beqala ukwelashwa, uma kudingeka.

Izimpawu zesimo sengqondo esishintshiwe

Ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile, njengokuwozela okungazelelwe, nakho kungakhombisa ukushaywa unhlangothi. Abahlengikazi babiza lezi zimpawu ngokuthi "."

Lezi zimpawu zifaka:

• ukungaphenduli
• ukudideka
• ukudideka
• ukuguquka kokuziphatha okungazelelwe
• ukuyaluza
• ukusangana

Abaphenyi ocwaningweni lwango-2009 bathole ukuthi isimo sengqondo esishintshile yisona sifo esivame kakhulu ukungajwayelekile. Cishe amaphesenti angama-23 abesifazane namaphesenti ayi-15 abesilisa babike ukushintsha kwesimo sengqondo okuhlobene nesifo sohlangothi. Yize bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane bengathinteka, abesifazane banamathuba acishe abe yi-1.5 okubika okungenani uphawu olulodwa lokuphikwa unhlangothi.

Izimpawu ezivamile zokushaywa unhlangothi

Izimpawu eziningi zesifo sohlangothi zitholwa abesilisa nabesifazane. Ukushaywa unhlangothi kuvame ukubonakala ngokungakwazi ukukhuluma noma ukuqonda inkulumo, ukukhuluma okuxakile nokudideka.

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zesifo sohlangothi yilezi:

• inkathazo engazelelwe yokubona kwelinye noma kuwo womabili amehlo
• ukuba ndikindiki okungazelelwe noma ukuba buthakathaka kobuso bakho nezitho zakho, ikakhulu ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba wakho
• ukukhathazeka ngokungazelelwe ukukhuluma noma ukuqonda, okuhlobene nokudideka
• ikhanda elibuhlungu futhi elibuhlungu ngokungazelele ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo
• isiyezi ngokungazelelwe, ukuhamba kanzima, noma ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi noma ukuxhumanisa

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi abesifazane bavame ukuhamba kangcono ekuboneni kahle izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi. Ngo-2003 kwatholakala ukuthi abesifazane abangamaphesenti angama-90, uma kuqhathaniswa nabesilisa abangamaphesenti angama-85, babazi ukuthi ukukhathazeka ukukhuluma noma ukudideka okungazelelwe kuyizimpawu zesifo sohlangothi.

Ucwaningo luphinde lwembula ukuthi iningi labesifazane nabesilisa lehluleka ukuqamba zonke izimpawu ngokufanele futhi likhomba ukuthi zingabiza nini abezimo eziphuthumayo. Bangu-17% kuphela ababambe iqhaza kulolu cwaningo.

Okufanele ukwenze uma kwenzeka unhlangothi

INational Stroke Association incoma isu elilula lokukhomba izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi. Uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma omunye umuntu okuzungezile kungenzeka ukuthi uhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi, kufanele wenze i-FAST.

Uma kukhulunywa ngesifo sohlangothi, kubalwa umzuzu nomzuzu. Uma ulinda isikhathi eside ukubiza abezimo eziphuthumayo zasendaweni yakho, maningi amathuba okuthi ukushaywa unhlangothi kuzoholela ekulimaleni kobuchopho noma ukukhubazeka.

Yize ukusabela kwakho kokuqala kungaba ukushayela wena ngokwakho ngemoto esibhedlela, kufanele uhlale lapho ukhona. Shayela abezimo eziphuthumayo zendawo yangakini ngokushesha lapho ubona izimpawu bese ulinda ukuthi zifike. Bangakunikeza ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ongeke ukwazi ukukuthola uma ubuzodela i-ambulensi.

Ngemuva kokufika esibhedlela, udokotela uzohlola izimpawu zakho nomlando wezokwelapha. Bazokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba nezinye izivivinyo zokuxilonga ngaphambi kokwenza ukuxilongwa.

Izinketho zokwelashwa kwesifo sohlangothi

Izinketho zokwelashwa zixhomeke ohlotsheni lwe-stroke.

Ischemic stroke

Uma isifo sohlangothi sasiyi-ischemic - uhlobo oluvame kakhulu - kusho ukuthi ukunqamuka kwegazi kunqamule ukugeleza kwegazi kuye ebuchosheni bakho. Udokotela wakho uzokuphathisa umuthi wesicubu se-plasminogen activator (tPA) wokuqeda i-clot.

Lo muthi kumele unikezwe kungakapheli amahora amathathu kuya kwamane nohhafu wokuvela kwesifo sokuqala ukuze sisebenze, ngokusho kwemihlahlandlela esanda kuvuselelwa evela ku-American Heart Association (AHA) ne-American Stroke Association (ASA). Uma ungakwazi ukuthatha i-tPA, udokotela wakho uzokuphathisa umuthi wegazi omncane noma omunye umuthi we-anticoagulant ukumisa amaplatelet ekwakheni amahlule.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa zifaka ukuhlinzwa noma ezinye izinqubo ezihlaselayo eziqhekeza amahlule noma zivule imithambo yegazi. Ngokuya ngemikhombandlela ebuyekeziwe, ukukhishwa kwamagundane ngemishini kungenziwa kuze kufike emahoreni angama-24 ngemuva kokubonakala kokuqala kwezimpawu zohlangothi. Ukususwa kwamagundane ngemishini kwaziwa nangokuthi i-mechanical thrombectomy.

Isifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu

I-stroke esopha kakhulu senzeka lapho umthambo ebuchosheni bakho uqhekeza noma uvuza igazi. Odokotela baphatha lolu hlobo lwesifo sohlangothi ngokuhlukile kunesifo sohlangothi.

Indlela yokwelashwa isuselwa embangela eyimbangela yohlangothi:

• I-aneurysm. Udokotela wakho angaphakamisa ukuhlinzwa ukuvimba ukugeleza kwegazi kuye kwi-aneurysm.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu. Udokotela wakho unikeza imithi ezokwehlisa umfutho wegazi lakho futhi yehlise ukopha.
• Imithambo engalungile nemithambo eqhekekile. Udokotela wakho angancoma ukulungiswa kwe-arteriovenous malformation (AVM) ukuvimbela noma yikuphi ukopha okwengeziwe.

Ukwelashwa kwabesifazane kuqhathaniswa nabesilisa

Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi abesifazane bathola ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo uma beqhathaniswa nabesilisa. Abaphenyi ngonyaka we-2010 bathole ukuthi abesifazane bavame ukulinda isikhathi eside ukuze babonwe ngemuva kokufika e-ER.

Uma sekuvunyelwe, abesifazane bangathola ukunakekelwa okuncane kakhulu kanye nemithambo yokwelashwa. Kucatshangwa ukuthi lokhu kungaba ngenxa yezimpawu ezingejwayelekile zesikhathi esithile abanye besifazane ababhekana nazo, ezingabambezela ukuxilongwa kohlangothi.

Ukubuyiselwa kwesifo sohlangothi kwabesifazane

Ukululama kwesifo sohlangothi kuqala esibhedlela. Uma isimo sakho sesingcono, uzothuthelwa endaweni ehlukile, njengesikhungo sabahlengikazi abanekhono (SNF) noma indawo yokuvuselelwa kwesifo sohlangothi. Abanye abantu baqhubeka nokunakekelwa kwabo emakhaya. Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kungasekelwa ngokwelashwa kweziguli noma ukunakekelwa kwe-hospice.

Ukubuyiselwa kungafaka inhlanganisela yokwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa kokukhuluma, kanye nokwelashwa okukusiza ukuthi uphinde uthole amakhono okuqonda. Ithimba lokunakekela lingakufundisa ukuthi ungaxubha kanjani amazinyo akho, ugeze, uhambe, noma wenze eminye imisebenzi yomzimba.

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi abesifazane abasinda kunhlangothi bavame ukululama kancane ukwedlula abesilisa.

Abesifazane nabo banamathuba amaningi okuzwa:

• ukukhubazeka okuhlobene nesifo sohlangothi
• imisebenzi yokuphila engakhubazekile yansuku zonke
• ukudana
• ukukhathala
• ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
• ikhwalithi yempilo encishisiwe

Lokhu kuya emisebenzini ephansi yangaphambi kokushaya uhlangothi noma izimpawu zokucindezeleka.

Ukuvimbela unhlangothi ozayo

Unyaka nonyaka, babulawa isifo sohlangothi njengoba benza nomdlavuza webele. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale uqaphele impilo yakho. Ukusiza ukuvimbela isifo sohlangothi esizayo, unga:

• udle ukudla okunomsoco
• gcina isisindo esinempilo
• vivinya umzimba njalo
• yeka ukubhema
• yenza umdlalo wokuzilibazisa, ofana nokunitha noma i-yoga, ukusiza ukuphatha kangcono ukucindezeleka

Abesifazane kufanele futhi bathathe ezinye izindlela zokuzivikela ngenxa yezici eziyingcuphe ababhekene nazo. Lokhu kusho:

• ukuqapha ukucindezelwa kwegazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nangemva kokukhulelwa
• ukuhlolwa kwe-fibrillation ye-atrial (AFib) uma ingaphezu kweminyaka engama-75 ubudala
• ukuhlolwa komfutho wegazi ophakeme ngaphambi kokuqala ukulawula inzalo

Umbono

Ukubuyiselwa kwesifo sohlangothi kungahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu. Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kungakwazi ukukusiza ukuthi ufunde kabusha noma yimaphi amakhono alahlekile. Abanye abantu bangakwazi ukufunda kabusha ukuhamba noma ukukhuluma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Abanye bangadinga isikhathi esithe xaxa sokululama.

Ngalesi sikhathi, kubalulekile ukuhlala emzileni ngokulungiswa nokugcina noma ukuthuthukisa indlela yokuphila enempilo. Ngokungeziwe ekusizeni ukutakula kwakho, lokhu kungasiza ekuvikeleni imivimbo yesikhathi esizayo.