Ukwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo

-Delile

• 1. Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa kanjani
• 2. Isebenza kanjani i-target therapy
• 3. Lapho kudingeka i-chemotherapy
• 4. Uyithola nini i-radiotherapy

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza emlonyeni kungenziwa ngokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa ngemisebe noma ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe, kuya ngendawo yesimila, ubucayi besifo nokuthi umdlavuza usuvele ususabalele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Amathuba okwelashwa kwalolu hlobo lomdlavuza makhulu uma kuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi wazi izimpawu ezingakhombisa umdlavuza womlomo, njenge:

• Isilonda noma ukubanda emlonyeni okungapholi;
• Amabala amhlophe noma abomvu ngaphakathi emlonyeni;
• Ukuvela kwezilimi entanyeni.

Lapho zivela, kufanele kuboniswane nodokotela wamazinyo noma udokotela ojwayelekile ukuthola inkinga engadala izimpawu bese eqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Amacala omdlavuza emlonyeni avame kakhulu kubantu abanomlando womndeni walesi sifo, ukusetshenziswa kogwayi noma umkhuba ophindayo wokuya ocansini lomlomo olungavikelekile nabalingani abambalwa.

Funda ezinye izimpawu nokuthi ungawukhomba kanjani umdlavuza womlomo.

1. Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa kanjani

Ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza womlomo kuhlose ukususa isimila ukuze singakhuli ngosayizi, noma sisabalale kwezinye izitho. Isikhathi esiningi, isimila sincane futhi, ngakho-ke, kudingekile kuphela ukususa ucezu lwensini, kodwa-ke, kunezinqubo zokuhlinza eziningi zokususa umdlavuza, kuya ngendawo yesimila:

• I-Glossectomy: kuqukethe ukususwa kwengxenye noma lonke ulimi, lapho umdlavuza ukhona kulesi sitho;
• I-Mandibulectomy: kwenziwa ngokususwa kwawo wonke noma ingxenye yethambo lesilevu, elenziwa lapho isimila siqala emathanjeni emhlathi;
• UMaxillectomy: lapho umdlavuza ukhula ophahleni lomlomo, kubalulekile ukususa ithambo emhlathini;
• I-Laryngectomy: siqukethe ukususwa komphimbo lapho umdlavuza utholakala kulesi sitho noma ususabalele lapho.

Ngokuvamile, ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, kuyadingeka ukuthi yakhe kabusha indawo ethintekile ukuze kugcinwe imisebenzi yayo nobuhle bayo, kusetshenziswa, lokhu, imisipha noma amathambo avela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Ukubuyiselwa esimweni kokuhlinzwa kuyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu, kepha kungathatha unyaka owodwa.

Yize kungavamile, eminye imiphumela emibi yokuhlinzwa komdlavuza womlomo ifaka phakathi ubunzima bokukhuluma, ukugwinya noma ukuphefumula kanye nezinguquko zezimonyo ebusweni, kuya ngezindawo ezelashwe.

2. Isebenza kanjani i-target therapy

Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe kusebenzisa izidakamizwa ukusiza amasosha omzimba ukuthi akhombe futhi ahlasele amaseli womdlavuza, angabi namthelela omncane kumaseli ajwayelekile emzimbeni.

Ikhambi elisetshenziswa ekwelashweni okuhlosiwe yiCetuximab, evimbela ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi awavimbele ukuthi asabalale emzimbeni. Lo muthi ungahlanganiswa ne-radiotherapy noma i-chemotherapy, ukwandisa amathuba okwelashwa.

Eminye imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa okuqondisiwe komdlavuza emlonyeni kungaba ukuphendula okweqile, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukukhuphuka kwengcindezi yegazi, induna, umkhuhlane noma isifo sohudo, isibonelo.

3. Lapho kudingeka i-chemotherapy

I-Chemotherapy ivame ukusetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukunciphisa usayizi wesimila, noma ngemuva kwalokho, ukuqeda amangqamuzana okugcina omdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, ingasetshenziswa futhi lapho kukhona ama-metastases, ukuzama ukuwaqeda nokwenza lula ukwelashwa ngezinye izindlela.

Lolu hlobo lokwelashwa lungenziwa ngokuphuza amaphilisi, ekhaya, noma ngemithi efakwe ngqo emthanjeni, esibhedlela. Le mithi, efana neCisplatin, 5-FU, Carboplatin noma iDocetaxel, inomsebenzi wokususa wonke amaseli akhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke, ngaphezu komdlavuza nawo angahlasela amangqamuzana ezinwele nezinzipho, ngokwesibonelo.

Ngakho-ke, imiphumela emibi kakhulu ye-chemotherapy ifaka:

• Ukulahleka kwezinwele;
• Ukuvuvukala komlomo;
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla;
• Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza;
• Uhudo;
• Ukwanda okungenzeka kwezifo;
• Ukuzwela kwemisipha nobuhlungu.

Ubukhulu bemiphumela emibi buxhomeke emithini esetshenzisiwe nakwisilinganiso, kepha imane inyamalale ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokwelashwa.

4. Uyithola nini i-radiotherapy

I-Radiotherapy yomdlavuza womlomo ifana ne-chemotherapy, kepha isebenzisa imisebe ukushabalalisa noma ukunciphisa ijubane lokukhula kwawo wonke amaseli emlonyeni, futhi ingasetshenziswa yodwa noma ihlotshaniswe ne-chemotherapy noma ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza womlomo noma we-oropharyngeal kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle, kusetshenziswa umshini okhipha imisebe ngaphezulu komlomo, futhi kufanele wenziwe kahlanu ngesonto amasonto noma izinyanga ezimbalwa.

Ngokuhlasela amaseli amaningana emlonyeni, lokhu kwelashwa kungadala ukusha esikhunjeni lapho kufakwa khona imisebe, ukubola, ukulahleka kokunambitheka, ububomvu nokucasuka komphimbo noma ukuvela kwezilonda emlonyeni, ngokwesibonelo.