Ukunikelwa komzimba: kwenziwa kanjani nokuthi ubani onganikela

-Delile

• Ubani onganikela ngezitho zomzimba
• Ubani ongakwazi ukunikela
• Ukufakelwa kwenziwa kanjani
• Yini enganikelwa empilweni
• Isibindi
• Izinso
• Umkantsha
• Igazi

Ukunikelwa komzimba kwenziwa ngokususwa kwesitho noma isicubu kumnikeli wokuzithandela noma kumuntu oshonile futhi ogunyaze ukususwa nokunikelwa kwezitho zabo nokufakelwa kabusha okulandelayo kumuntu odinga leso sitho ukuze aqhubeke nempilo yakho.

Ukuze ube ngumnikeli wezitho eBrazil, kuyadingeka ukwazisa umndeni ngalesi sifiso, ngoba asikho isidingo sokugcina sibhalisiwe kunoma yimuphi umbhalo. Njengamanje kungenzeka ukunikela ngezinso, isibindi, inhliziyo, amanyikwe namaphaphu, kanye nezicubu ezinjenge-cornea, isikhumba, amathambo, uqwanga, igazi, ama-valve enhliziyo nomnkantsha wamathambo.

Ezinye izitho, ezinjengenso noma ucezu lwesibindi, ngokwesibonelo, zinganikelwa empilweni, noma kunjalo izitho eziningi ezingafakelwa kabusha zingathathwa kuphela kubantu abakuqinisekisile ukufa kobuchopho.

Ubani onganikela ngezitho zomzimba

Cishe bonke abantu abaphilile banganikela ngezitho zomzimba nezicubu, noma besaphila, ngoba izitho ezithile zingabiwa. Kodwa-ke, iminikelo eminingi yenzeka ezimweni ze:

• Ukufa kobuchopho, okuyilapho ubuchopho buyeka ngokuphelele ukusebenza, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu, umuntu akasoze alulama. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yezingozi, ukuwa noma ngemuva kokushaywa unhlangothi. Kulokhu, cishe zonke izitho ezinempilo nezicubu kunganikelwa;
• Ngemuva kokuboshwa kwenhliziyo, njenge-infarction noma i-arrhythmias: kulokhu, banganikela kuphela ngezicubu, ezinjenge-cornea, imikhumbi, isikhumba, amathambo kanye nemisipha, ngoba njengoba ukujikeleza kwamiswa isikhashana, lokhu kungaphazamisa ukusebenza kwezitho, ezifana njengenhliziyo nezinso, isibonelo;
• Abantu abashonele ekhaya, banganikela ngama-corneas kuphela, futhi kuze kufike emahoreni ayisithupha emva kokushona, ngoba ukumiswa kwegazi okungamisiwe kungalimaza ezinye izitho, kubeka engcupheni impilo yomuntu ozokuthola;
• Uma kwenzeka i-anencephaly, okuyilapho ingane inesifo esingalungile futhi ingenabo ubuchopho: kulokhu, kunesikhathi esifushane sokuphila futhi, ngemuva kokuqinisekiswa kokufa, zonke izitho nezicubu zayo zinganikelwa kwezinye izingane eziswele.

Akunamkhawulo weminyaka ngokunikela ngezitho zomzimba, kepha kubalulekile ukuthi zisebenze kahle, ngoba isimo sempilo somnikeli sizonquma ukuthi izitho nezicubu zingafakelwa kabusha yini noma cha.

Ubani ongakwazi ukunikela

Ukunikelwa kwezitho nezicubu akuvunyelwe kubantu abashone ngenxa yezifo ezithathelwanayo noma lokho okonakalise kakhulu umzimba, njengoba umsebenzi wesitho somzimba ungathikamezeka noma ukutheleleka kungadluliselwa kumuntu ozokwamukela isitho.

Ngakho-ke, umnikelo awukhonjiswa kubantu abahluleke kakhulu ukusebenza ngezinso noma isibindi, inhliziyo noma amaphaphu, njengoba kulezi zimo kunokukhubazeka okukhulu kokujikeleza nokusebenza kwalezi zitho, ngaphezu komdlavuza onemetastasis futhi othelelanayo futhi odlulisekayo izifo, njenge-HIV., isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B, C noma isifo se-Chagas, ngokwesibonelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunikelwa kwezitho zomzimba kuyaphikiswa ezimweni zokutheleleka okukhulu ngamagciwane noma amagciwane afinyelele egazini.

Ukunikelwa komzimba nakho kuyaphikiswa uma lowo ongahle abe umnikeli esekuqulekeni. Kodwa-ke, uma ukufa kobuchopho kuqinisekiswa ngemuva kokuhlolwa okuthile, umnikelo ungenziwa.

Ukufakelwa kwenziwa kanjani

Ngemuva kokugunyazwa ngumnikeli noma umndeni wakhe, uzokwenza izivivinyo ezizohlola izimo zakhe zempilo nokuhambisana nomuntu ozokuthola. Ukususwa kwesitho kwenziwa egumbini lokuhlinza, njengakwezinye ukuhlinzwa, bese kuthi umzimba womnikeli uvalwe ngokucophelela ngudokotela ohlinzayo.

Ukululama komuntu othole isitho somzimba noma isicubu kufana nokwanoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, ukuphumula nokusetshenziswa kwemithi yezinhlungu, njenge-Ibuprofen noma iDipyrone, isibonelo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kwalokhu, umuntu kuzodingeka athathe imishanguzo ebizwa ngama-immunosuppressants, impilo yakhe yonke, ukugwema ukwenqatshwa komzimba omusha.

Ungakhetha kuphela ukuthi ngubani ozothola izitho nezicubu lapho umnikelo wenziwa empilweni. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uzothola ukuthi ngubani osohlwini lokulinda kulayini wesikhungo sokufakelwa, ngesikhathi sokulinda nesidingo.

Yini enganikelwa empilweni

Izitho nezicubu ezinganikelwa zisaphila izinso, ingxenye yesibindi, umnkantsha kanye negazi. Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba umnikeli uzokwazi ukuphila impilo ejwayelekile nangemva kwale minikelo.

Isibindi

Ingxenye yesibindi kuphela, engaba ngu-4 cm, enganikelwa ngalokhu kuhlinzwa, futhi ukululama kuyefana nokuhlinzwa okuncane esiswini, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Ngenxa yomthamo wokuzivuselela, lesi sitho sifinyelela usayizi waso omuhle ezinsukwini ezingama-30, futhi umuntu onikelayo angaba nempilo ejwayelekile, ngaphandle kokulimaza impilo yakhe.

Izinso

Ukunikela ngezinso akulimazi impilo yomuntu onikelayo, futhi kwenzeka ngenqubo yamahora ambalwa. Ukululama kuyashesha futhi, uma konke kuhamba kahle, kuze kube amasonto ayi-1 noma ama-2, uzokwazi ukuba sekhaya futhi ukubuyela kokuqokwa kwezokwelashwa kwenzelwa ukulandela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokunikela ngengxenye yesibindi nezinso, umuntu kuzodingeka agunyaze lo mnikelo, ongenziwa kuphela isihlobo esifinyelela ebangeni lesine noma, uma kungokwabangewona izihlobo, kuphela ngokugunyazwa okuvela izinkantolo. Ukunikelwa kwalezi zitho kwenziwa ngemuva kokuhlolwa okuphelele kukadokotela ojwayelekile, ngezivivinyo zomzimba, igazi nezithombe, njenge-computed tomography, ezobheka ukuthi kukhona ukuhambisana kwezakhi zofuzo negazi, futhi uma umnikeli enempilo, ukunciphisa amathuba okulimaza umzimba wakho nokuthi ngubani ozothola ukufakelwa.

Umkantsha

Ukuze unikele ngomnkantsha wamathambo, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubhalise ku-database yababhalisi bakomnkantsha kazwelonke, boMnyango Wezempilo, ozoxhumana nomnikeli uma othile odinga usizo ehambelana. Inqubo ilula kakhulu, ine-anesthesia, futhi ihlala cishe imizuzu engama-90, futhi ukukhishwa kungenzeka vele ngosuku olulandelayo. Funda kabanzi ngezinyathelo zomnikelo womnkantsha.

Igazi

Kulo mnikelo kuqoqwa cishe i-450 ml yegazi, engenziwa kuphela ngabantu abangaphezu kwama-50 kg, futhi umuntu anganikela ngegazi njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu, kwabesilisa, nezinyanga ezine, kwabesifazane. Ukunikela ngegazi, kufanele ubheke isikhungo segazi ledolobha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ngoba le minikelo ihlale idingeka ekwelapheni abantu abaningi, ekuhlinzeni noma ezimeni eziphuthumayo. Thola ukuthi yiziphi izifo ezivimbela ukunikelwa kwegazi.

Ukunikelwa kwegazi nomnkantsha kungenziwa kaningana nakubantu abahlukene, kungabi nemikhawulo uma nje umuntu efuna futhi enempilo kulokhu.